The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made deployment of an effective vaccine a global health priority. We evaluated the protective activity of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in challenge studies with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Intramuscular dosing of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces robust systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protects against lung infection, inflammation, and pathology but does not confer sterilizing immunity, as evidenced by detection of viral RNA and induction of anti-nucleoprotein antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In contrast, a single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies, promotes systemic and mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T cell responses, and almost entirely prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Intranasal administration of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S is a candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission and curtailing pandemic spread.

2019 年冠状病毒病大流行使部署有效疫苗成为全球卫生优先事项。我们在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 和表达该蛋白的小鼠的攻击研究中评估了编码预输注稳定刺突蛋白 (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) 的黑猩猩腺病毒载体疫苗的保护活性。人血管紧张素转换酶2受体。 ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S 的肌内给药可诱导强大的全身体液和细胞介导的免疫反应，并防止肺部感染、炎症和病理，但不会赋予灭菌免疫力，这一点通过病毒 RNA 的检测和抗病毒诱导的诱导即可证明。 - SARS-CoV-2 攻击后的核蛋白抗体。相比之下，单次鼻内剂量的 ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S 会诱导高水平的中和抗体，促进全身和粘膜免疫球蛋白 A (IgA) 和 T 细胞反应，并且几乎完全预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染。上呼吸道和下呼吸道。 ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S 鼻内给药是预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染和传播以及遏制大流行传播的候选药物。