Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 (Lr46) is a gene for slow rusting resistance in wheat. The aim of the study was to analyze the miRNA expression in selected common wheat cultivars carrying resistance genes, Lr46 among others (HN Rod, Pavon‘S’, Myna‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparrow’S’) in response to leaf rust infection caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. In the Pavon ‘S’, Myna ‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparow‘S’ varieties a product with a length of 242 bp has been identified, which is specific to the Xwmc44 marker linked to the brown rust resistance gene Lr46. In the next step, the differences in the expression of microRNA (miR5085 and miR164) associated with the Lr46 gene, which is responsible for different resistance of selected wheat cultivars to leaf rust, were examined using emulsion PCR (ddPCR). In the experiment, biotic stress was induced in mature plants by infecting them with fungal spores under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. For analysis the plant material was collected before inoculation and 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. The experiments also showed that plant infection with Puccinia triticina resulted in an increase in miR164 expression in cultivars carrying the Lr46 gene. The expression of miR164 remained stable in a control cultivar (HN ROD) lacking this gene. This has proved that miR164 can be involved in leaf rust resistance mechanisms.

Lr46 / Yr29 / Pm39（Lr46）是小麦的慢锈病抗性基因。该研究的目的是分析在携带抗性基因选择普通小麦品种中的miRNA表达，Lr46等（HN杆，帕文'S“八哥'S”，Frontana'S“和麻雀'S”）响应于引起叶锈病感染叶锈菌埃里克斯 在Pavon'S'，Myna'S'，Frontana'S'和Sparow'S'品种中，已鉴定出长度为242 bp的产物，该产物对与棕色抗锈基因Lr46连接的Xwmc44标记具有特异性。下一步，与Lr46相关的microRNA（miR5085和miR164）的表达差异使用乳液PCR（ddPCR）检测了导致所选小麦品种对叶锈病的不同抗性的基因。在实验中，通过在生长室中受控条件下用真菌孢子感染成熟植物来诱导生物胁迫。为了进行分析，在接种前以及接种后6、12、24和48小时收集植物材料。实验还表明，小麦被小麦锈菌感染导致携带Lr46基因的栽培品种中miR164表达的增加。在缺少该基因的对照品种（HN ROD）中，miR164的表达保持稳定。这证明了miR164可以参与抗叶锈病的机制。