Avoidance behavior can be a useful parameter for assessing the ability of organisms to escape from pollutants in their environment. For soil evaluation, a variety of invertebrates is used including the oribatid mite Oppia nitens. Here, we tested the avoidance behavior of O. nitens using a two-chamber test and an escape test with exposures to different cadmium concentrations of up to 800 mg kg⁻¹ dry LUFA 2.2 soil for 2, 4, and 6 days, and up to 7 weeks. With the two-chamber method, the oribatid mites had the choice between clean and polluted soils, whereas they were allowed to escape from a box with polluted soil to clean containers without soil with the escape method. Avoidance of cadmium was observed after 2 days in both tests and the net response of the mites in the two-chamber test increased with increasing cadmium exposure concentrations. Mite responses varied through time, especially with the escape method; with the avoidance behavior becoming more variable and overall non-significant with longer test durations. This is the first study investigating the escape test simultaneously with long-term avoidance of cadmium by O. nitens. This mite species is a promising species for avoidance testing in soil ecotoxicology, but more experiments are needed to evaluate the factors that influence its responses in laboratory tests and the consequences for its distribution in contaminated ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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在掺有镉的天然土壤中用ori螨螨Oppia nitens（Acari：Oribatida）进行回避测试。

避免行为可能是评估生物体逃脱其环境中污染物的能力的有用参数。对于土壤评估，使用了多种无脊椎动物，包括oribatid螨Oppia nitens。在这里，我们使用两腔试验和逃逸试验测试了O.nitens的回避行为，这些试验暴露于高达800 mg kg ^-1的不同镉浓度下将LUFA 2.2土壤干燥2、4和6天，最多7周。在两室方法中，螨虫螨虫可以在干净的土壤和污染的土壤之间进行选择，而螨虫则可以通过逸出方法从污染土壤的盒子中逸出，以清洁没有土壤的容器。在两个测试中，均在2天后观察到避免镉，并且在两个腔室测试中，螨的净响应随镉暴露浓度的增加而增加。螨虫的反应随时间而变化，尤其是逃逸方法；随着测试时间的延长，回避行为变得更加可变且总体上不显着。这是第一个调查逃生测试的研究，该研究与O. nitens长期避免镉同时发生。该螨种是土壤生态毒理学中回避测试的有前途的物种，但是需要更多的实验来评估影响其在实验室测试中的反应的因素以及其在受污染生态系统中分布的后果。