A transition to a bioeconomy implies an increased focus on efficient and sustainable use of biological resources. A common, but often neglected feature of these resources is their location dependence. To optimize their use, for example in bioeconomic industrial clusters, this spatial aspect should be integrated in analyses. Optimal design and localization of a bioeconomic cluster with respect to the various biological and non-biological resources required for the cluster, the composition of industrial facilities in the cluster, as well as the demands of the outputs of the cluster, is crucial for profitability and sustainability. We suggest that optimal design and location of bioeconomic clusters can benefit from the use of a Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in combination with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Operations Research modeling. The integration of MCDA and GIS determines a set of candidate locations based on various criteria, including resource availability, accessibility, and usability. A quantitative analysis of the flow of resources between and within the different industries is then conducted based on economic Input-Output analysis. Then, the cluster locations with the highest potential profit, and their composition of industrial facilities, are identified in an optimization model. A case study on forest-based bioeconomic clusters in the Østfold county of Norway is presented to exemplify this methodology, the expectation being that further implementation of the method at the national level could help decision makers in the planning of a smoother transition from a fossil-based economy to a bioeconomy.

向生物经济过渡意味着对有效和可持续利用生物资源的关注日益增加。这些资源的一个共同但经常被忽略的特征是它们的位置依赖性。为了优化它们的使用，例如在生物经济产业集群中，应该在分析中整合这种空间方面。关于生物经济集群所需的各种生物和非生物资源，集群中工业设施的组成以及集群产出的需求，对集群经济进行优化设计和定位，对于盈利能力和可持续性。我们建议，将多标准决策分析（MCDA）与地理信息系统（GIS）和运筹学建模结合使用，可以优化生物经济集群的设计和位置。MCDA和GIS的集成根据各种标准（包括资源可用性，可访问性和可用性）确定了一组候选位置。然后基于经济投入产出分析，对不同行业之间和内部的资源流动进行定量分析。然后，在优化模型中确定具有最高潜在利润的集群位置及其工业设施的组成。本文以挪威Østfold县基于森林的生物经济集群为例，以例证该方法，