Abstract

The use of molecular biology methods for identifying species of fungi and myxomycetes (DNA barcoding) has shown the necessity of reconsidering our views on the ecology and habitats of many species of spore organisms. Spores of basidiomycetes and myxomycetes can spread over considerable distances by water, wind, and insects, resulting in their resettlement to various distant habitats, where the only limiting factors are microenvironment and suitable substrates. The possibility of inhabiting various “island” habitats, for example, such as large tree debris in steppe regions or special microclimatic conditions on the bottoms of ravines and gullies in the forest steppe, where the humidity is much higher than on the plain areas, allows spore organisms to expand their habitats and settle in natural areas that are not typical for them. Our original research, an analysis of literature sources, and GenBank data have shown that, when studying the ecology and distribution patterns of spore-like organisms, issues of correctly identifying species are quiet questionable. This article discusses examples using the influence of the hypothesis Everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects (EiE hypothesis) on understanding the ecology and ranges of some species of myxomycetes and basidiomycetes. Data on the distribution and ecology of nivicolous myxomycetes Lamproderma pseudomaculatum on the plain territory of Western Siberia are presented for the first time. Using the myxomycetes Arcyria imperialis and A. stipata, as well as fungi Disciseda hyalothrix and Pleurotus pulmonarius, we envisage the possibility of a DNA barcoding application for studies of the species diversity of spore organisms and the morphological differentiation of similar species and for correctly interpreting their ranges and ecology. rDNA sequences have been studied for all these species; for myxomycetes, photos have been taken on a scanning electron microscope.

中文翻译：

---

孢子生物生态学和分布格局研究中物种识别的方法和困难

摘要

使用分子生物学方法鉴定真菌和粘菌物种（DNA条形码）已表明有必要重新考虑我们对许多孢子生物物种的生态和生境的看法。担子菌和粘菌菌的孢子可被水，风和昆虫传播到相当远的距离，导致它们重新安置到各种遥远的生境中，其中唯一的限制因素是微环境和合适的基质。例如，可能栖息在各种“岛屿”栖息地中，例如草原地区的大树碎片或森林草原的沟壑和沟壑底部的特殊微气候条件，那里的湿度远高于平原地区。孢子生物以扩大其栖息地并定居在自然环境中，这对他们来说并不典型。我们最初的研究，对文献来源的分析以及GenBank数据表明，在研究类孢子生物的生态学和分布模式时，正确识别物种的问题一直是个问题。本文讨论了使用假设影响的示例一切都无处不在，但是环境选择（EiE假设）是基于了解粘菌丝和担子菌丝的某些物种的生态和范围。首次提供了西西伯利亚平原地区的食肉性粘菌丝状假单胞菌的分布和生态学数据。使用粘菌Arcyria imperialis和一个。 stipata，以及真菌Disciseda hyalothrix和杏鲍菇肺形，我们设想了将DNA条形码应用用于研究孢子生物的物种多样性和相似物种的形态分化以及正确解释其范围和生态学的可能性。已经为所有这些物种研究了rDNA序列；对于粘菌，已在扫描电子显微镜上拍摄了照片。