Abstract

As studies have shown, individuals from well morphologically distinct groups often represent the same species and may even belong to one population in fishes and lampreys from environments with unstable abiotic factors (Arctic, mountain, and desert regions). Phenotypic plasticity ensures broad variation ranges of morphological traits in unstable conditions, which require rapid transitions from one morphogenetic variant to another. The choice of a morphogenetic pathway can be influenced by the level of individual heterozygosity, changes in the copy numbers of certain DNA sequences, heteroplasmy, and the presence of several allelic variants in the genes that strongly affect the phenotype. A cyclic character is often observed for evolutionary processes driven by these mechanisms, and speciation usually does not take place in unstable environmental conditions. However, mobilization reserve accumulate in a species with a broad reaction norm, and particular morphogenetic pathways may be genetically fixed when its population finds its way into stable environmental conditions, facilitating fast allopatric speciation.

中文翻译：

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稳定不稳定：具有不稳定非生物因素的环境中鱼类和南Lamp的进化停滞和遗传多样性积累的机制

摘要

研究表明，形态学上完全不同的群体中的个体通常代表相同的物种，甚至可能属于来自具有非生物因素不稳定环境（北极，山区和沙漠地区）的鱼类和七lamp鳗中的一个种群。表型可塑性确保了在不稳定条件下形态特征的广泛变化范围，这要求从一种形态发生变体迅速过渡到另一种形态发生变体。形态发生途径的选择会受到个体杂合水平的影响，某些DNA序列拷贝数的变化，异质性以及基因中强烈影响表型的几个等位基因变体的存在。在由这些机制驱动的进化过程中，通常观察到周期性特征，通常在不稳定的环境条件下不会发生物种形成。但是，动员储备在具有广泛反应常态的物种中积累，并且当其种群进入稳定的环境条件时，特定的形态发生途径可能在遗传上是固定的，从而有助于快速的异源物种形成。