Abstract

Assessing the representativeness of protected areas is necessary to optimize their national and regional networks, as well as to improve the protection of rare and endemic species. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, an analysis of the distribution of rare vascular plant species in need of protection has been carried out on the basis of synthesizing all sources of high-precision georeferenced data, i.e., databases of herbarium specimens and geobotanical relevés. The result of these works was the creation of a graphic database: the Rare and Endangered Species of Vascular Plants of the Republic of Bashkortostan GIS map. This GIS map includes three main vector layers: a point layer containing information about 4932 rare species localities, a Protected Areas Boundaries layer, and a grid layer with cells 6' in latitude by 10' in longitude (10.8 × 10.2 km). Based on these layers and standard procedures of the QGIS 3.4 program, an algorithm has been developed to analyze the patterns of distribution of rare species throughout the region, as well as to identify areas with a high diversity of these species and their covering by the existing network of protected areas. Using the example of two grid map cells with a high diversity of rare species, approaches to identifying and delineating further sites of protected areas have been considered using space images and a digital elevation model. To estimate the protection level of the unique combinations of rare species, the distribution of all sets of these species within the existing protected areas is assessed. This makes it possible to justify the creation of two new protected areas. This approach does not exclude, but significantly reduces the volume of field investigations and can significantly reduce the time and financial costs of creating new protected areas to optimize the protection of rare and endangered plant species.

中文翻译：

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确定稀有植物物种的高度多样性地区，作为评估代表性和改善保护区网络的基础

摘要

必须评估保护区的代表性，以优化其国家和区域网络，并改善对稀有和特有物种的保护。在巴什科尔托斯坦共和国，在综合了高精度地理参考数据的所有来源（即植物标本室标本和地质植物相关性的数据库）的基础上，对需要保护的稀有维管植物物种的分布进行了分析。这些工作的结果是创建了一个图形数据库：巴什科尔托斯坦共和国的珍稀濒危维管植物物种GIS地图。该GIS地图包括三个主要矢量层：一个点层，其中包含有关4932个稀有物种位置的信息；一个保护区边界层；一个网格层，其单元格的经度为6'，经度为10'（10.8×10.2 km）。基于这些层和QGIS 3.4程序的标准程序，已经开发了一种算法，用于分析整个区域内稀有物种的分布模式，并确定这些物种的高度多样性及其被现有物种覆盖的区域保护区网络。以两个具有高度稀有物种多样性的网格地图单元为例，已经考虑了使用空间图像和数字高程模型来识别和描绘保护区其他地点的方法。为了估计稀有物种独特组合的保护水平，评估了这些物种在现有保护区内的所有分布。这样就可以证明建立两个新的保护区是合理的。这种方法不会排除，但会大大减少实地调查的数量，并且可以大大减少创建新的保护区以优化对稀有和濒危植物物种的保护的时间和财务成本。