National energy standards of countries worldwide require a wide range of measures to be used in energy policies. It has become a challenge to fulfil different measures of building envelope design optimisation through enhancement of energy conservation. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes an optimisation model for determining the optimum envelope design of a reference building in four climate regions. The optimisation model utilised a genetic algorithm, as an optimisation tool, and national standards to define the thermal insulation requirements of buildings for energy calculation. The building prototype was analysed to minimise the life-cycle cost (LCC), where building envelope elements – namely, windows, exterior walls, basement floor and ceilings – were included as energy efficiency measures. The results showed how each building element affects energy consumption in different climate regions. Exterior wall insulation was observed to have the maximum impact on the LCC of the whole building, which was followed by the window type selection. An optimally designed residential building was found to spend approximately 20–25% less energy than the limiting values expressed in the national standard. This paper highlights how the optimum design envelope for buildings in various countries and climates can be characterised by the use of the proposed optimisation model.

中文翻译：

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基于遗传算法的住宅建筑围护设计优化

世界各国的国家能源标准要求在能源政策中采用多种措施。通过增强节能来实现建筑围护结构设计优化的不同措施已成为一项挑战。为了克服这一挑战，本研究提出了一种用于确定四个气候区域中参考建筑物的最佳围护结构设计的优化模型。优化模型利用遗传算法作为优化工具，并采用国家标准来定义建筑物的隔热要求，以进行能量计算。对建筑原型进行了分析，以最大程度地降低生命周期成本（LCC），其中将建筑围护结构元素（即窗户，外墙，地下室地板和天花板）作为节能措施。结果表明，每种建筑元素如何影响不同气候区域的能源消耗。观察到外墙保温对整个建筑的LCC影响最大，其次是窗户类型的选择。人们发现，最佳设计的住宅建筑比国家标准中规定的极限值节省了大约20-25％的能源。本文重点介绍了如何通过使用建议的优化模型来表征各个国家和气候中建筑物的最佳设计范围。发现最佳设计的住宅建筑比国家标准中所表达的极限值节省了大约20-25％的能源。本文重点介绍了如何通过使用建议的优化模型来表征各个国家和气候中建筑物的最佳设计范围。人们发现，最佳设计的住宅建筑比国家标准中规定的极限值节省了大约20-25％的能源。本文重点介绍了如何通过使用建议的优化模型来表征各个国家和气候中建筑物的最佳设计范围。