Optimization of liquid-cooled heatsinks (cold plates) is of critical importance due to their widespread application in high-performance electronic packages consisting of heterogeneous integrated systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and on-chip hotspots. In this study, the thermo-hydraulic performance of a commercial microchannel impingement cold plate is analyzed in detail. Impingement cold plates are preferred over parallel flow cold plates due to their lower pressure drop where there is no restriction on space (i.e., where flow can enter perpendicular to the electronic board). Splitting the flow into two branches cuts the flow rate and the path into half, which leads to a lower pressure drop through the channels. Since the fins of the present commercial cold plate (considered as the baseline design) are tilted, the effect of the fin tilt angle on the hydraulic and thermal performance of the cold plate is also studied. The response surface method (RSM) is used to optimize the geometry of the fins and impinging inlet. The results of optimization show that hydraulic resistance can be reduced by 50% without a remarkable change in thermal resistance. The effect of the geometric parameters on the cold plate thermo-hydraulic performance is studied using the computational fluid dynamics results at the RSM design points. The variation in the cold plate coefficient of performance with the coolant flow rate and inlet temperature is compared for the baseline design and a selected optimal design. Finally, the effect of impinging inlet geometry on the chip temperature profile is also examined.

中文翻译：

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冲击微通道冷板的性能分析与形状优化

由于液冷散热器（冷板）在高性能电子封装中的广泛应用，因此其优化至关重要，这些电子封装包括异构集成系统，现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和片上热点。在这项研究中，详细分析了商用微通道冲击冷板的热工液压性能。冲击式冷板比平行流式冷板更可取，因为它们的压降较低，在不受空间限制的情况下（即，流可以垂直于电子板进入）。将流量分成两个分支可将流量和路径切成两半，从而降低了通过通道的压降。由于目前商用冷板的鳍片（被视为基准设计）是倾斜的，还研究了翅片倾斜角对冷板水力和热性能的影响。响应面法（RSM）用于优化散热片和撞击入口的几何形状。优化结果表明，在不显着改变热阻的情况下，可以将水力阻力降低50％。利用在RSM设计点的计算流体动力学结果，研究了几何参数对冷板热工液压性能的影响。比较了基准设计和选定的最佳设计的冷板性能系数随冷却液流速和入口温度的变化。最后，还检查了影响入口几何形状对切屑温度曲线的影响。