To improve knowledge of marine-terminating glaciers in western Greenland, marine sediment cores from the Ata Sund fjord system, hosting two outlet glaciers, Eqip Sermia and Kangilerngata Sermia, were investigated. The main objective was to reconstruct glacial activity and paleoceanographic conditions during the past 600 years. Ice-rafted debris (IRD) was quantified by wet-sieving sediment samples and by using a computed tomography scan. Variability in relative bottom water temperatures in the fjord was reconstructed using foraminiferal analysis. On the basis of this, three periods of distinct glacial regimes were identified: Period 1 (1380–1810 CE), which covers the culmination of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and is interpreted as having advanced glaciers with high IRD content. Period 2 (1810–1920 CE), the end of the LIA, which was characterised by a lowering of the glaciers’ calving flux in response to climate cooling. During Period 3 (1920–2014 CE), both glaciers retreated substantially to their present-day extent. The bottom water temperature started to decrease just before Period 2 and remained relatively low until just before the end of Period 3. This is interpreted as a local response to increased glacial meltwater input. Our study was compared with a study in Disko Bay, nearby Jakobshavn Glacier and the result shows that both of these Greenlandic marine-terminating glaciers are responding to large-scale climate change. However, the specific imprint on the glaciers and the different fjord waters in front of them result in contrasting glacial responses and sediment archives in their respective fjords.

中文翻译：

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自公元 1400 年以来，格陵兰西部阿塔桑德的冰川和海洋变化

为了提高对格陵兰西部海洋终止冰川的了解，研究了来自 Ata Sund 峡湾系统的海洋沉积物核心，该系统拥有两个出口冰川 Eqip Sermia 和 Kangilerngata Sermia。主要目标是重建过去 600 年的冰川活动和古海洋条件。通过湿筛分沉积物样品和使用计算机断层扫描对冰筏碎片 (IRD) 进行量化。使用有孔虫分析重建了峡湾中相对底部水温的变化。在此基础上，确定了三个不同的冰川时期：第 1 期（公元 1380-1810 年），涵盖小冰河时代 (LIA) 的顶峰，被解释为具有高 IRD 含量的晚期冰川。第 2 时期（公元 1810-1920 年），LIA 结束，其特点是响应气候变冷，冰川的崩解通量降低。在第 3 时期（公元 1920 年至 2014 年），两个冰川都大幅退缩至目前的程度。底部水温刚好在第 2 期之前开始下降，并在第 3 期结束之前保持相对较低。这被解释为对冰川融水输入增加的局部反应。我们的研究与在雅各布港冰川附近的迪斯科湾进行的研究进行了比较，结果表明这两个格陵兰海洋终止冰川都对大规模气候变化做出了反应。然而，冰川上的特定印记以及它们面前不同的峡湾水域导致了它们各自峡湾中的冰川反应和沉积物档案形成鲜明对比。