Artificial insemination has achieved a dynamic increase in genetic progress, and this is due to the improvement of sperm preservation technology. In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to optimizing bull sperm storage environment and objectifying methods of sperm quality analysis. This review presents bull sperm preservation methods and ways to modify their storage environment. The main purpose of sperm preparation for artificial insemination is to obtain sperm with a high percentage of viable, motile sperm with normal morphology and low DNA fragmentation rates. Currently conducted experiments indicate the possibility of improving the quality of insemination doses produced using various components enriching common diluents. However, despite extensive research, no better results have been achieved than obtaining insemination doses with sperm viability that exceeds just over 60%. Obtaining a very good quality of frozen semen seems to be still unachievable today.

人工授精已实现了遗传进步的动态增长，这是由于精子保存技术的进步。近年来，优化公牛精子的贮藏环境和客观化精子质量分析方法引起了人们的广泛关注。这篇评论介绍了公牛精子保存方法和修改其存储环境的方法。制备用于人工受精的精子的主要目的是获得具有高存活率，能运动的精子的精子，其形态正常且DNA断裂率低。当前进行的实验表明，使用各种富含普通稀释剂的成分来提高受精剂量质量的可能性。但是，尽管进行了广泛的研究，没有获得比精子生存力刚好超过60％的授精剂量更好的结果。今天，要获得高质量的冷冻精液似乎仍然无法实现。