The synthesis of donor (D)-acceptor (A) polymers using structurally elaborated monomers is an active research field. Some of the challenges with the use of alternating D-A polymers for photovoltaic applications are the relatively narrow absorption widths, the presence an absorption valleys in the visible region, unoptimized molecular energy levels and even lack of compatibility of the polymers with the common acceptors. The synthesis and characterization of polymers consisting of multiple chromophores (random and regular terpolymers) with complementing properties is currently gaining momentum in order to delicately optimize properties of polymers. A random terpolymer can either be of a system composed of one donor and two acceptors [(D-A1)-ran-(D-A2)] or a one acceptor and two donor segments [(D1-A)-ran-(D2-A)] incorporated in the polymer backbone. By varying the composition of the monomers in the feed of the polymerization reaction, the properties of the resulting terpolymers can be carefully optimized. Using this strategy, many materials with desired properties have been developed and power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing 14% in a single layer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell device have been reported. This review summarizes the most recent advances made in the development of electron donor terpolymers for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The properties of the terpolymers are compared with their respective reference polymer.

使用结构精细的单体合成供体（D）-受体（A）聚合物是一个活跃的研究领域。将交替的DA聚合物用于光伏应用的一些挑战是相对窄的吸收宽度，在可见区域中存在吸收谷，未优化的分子能级以及甚至缺乏聚合物与普通受体的相容性。目前，由具有互补性质的多个发色团（无规和规则三元共聚物）组成的聚合物的合成和表征正获得发展势头，以精细地优化聚合物的性能。无规三元共聚物可以是由一个供体和两个受体组成的系统[（D-A1）-跑了-（D-A2）]或一个受体和两个供体片段[（D1-A）-跑了-（D2-A）]结合到聚合物主链中。通过改变聚合反应进料中单体的组成，可以小心地优化所得三元共聚物的性能。使用这种策略，已经开发出许多具有所需特性的材料，并且已经报道了单层体异质结（BHJ）太阳能电池器件中的功率转换效率（PCE）超过14％。这篇综述总结了用于有机光伏（OPV）的电子给体三元共聚物开发的最新进展。将三元共聚物的性能与其各自的参考聚合物进行比较。