Inferring interspecific interactions indirectly from community data is of central interest in community ecology. Data on species communities can be surveyed using different methods, each of which may differ in the amount and type of species detected, and thus produce varying information on interaction networks. Since fruit bodies reflect only a fraction of the wood‐inhabiting fungal diversity, there is an ongoing debate in fungal ecology on whether fruit body‐based surveys are a valid method for studying fungal community dynamics compared to surveys based on DNA metabarcoding. In this paper, we focus on species‐to‐species associations and ask whether the associations inferred from data collected by fruit‐body surveys reflect the ones found from data collected by DNA‐based surveys. We estimate and compare the association networks resulting from different survey methods using a joint species distribution model. We recorded both raw and residual associations that respectively do not and do correct for the influence of the abiotic predictors when estimating the species‐to‐species associations. The analyses of the DNA data yielded a larger number of species‐to‐species associations than the analyses of the fruit body‐based data as expected. Yet, we estimated unique associations also from the fruit‐body data. Our results show that the directions of estimated residual associations were consistent between the data types, whereas the raw associations were much less consistent, highlighting the need to account for the influence of relevant environmental covariates when estimating association networks. We conclude that even though DNA‐based survey methods are more informative about the total number of interacting species, fruit‐body surveys are also an adequate method for inferring association networks in wood‐inhabiting fungi. Since the DNA and fruit‐body data carry on complementary information on fungal communities, the most comprehensive insights are obtained by combining the two survey methods.

中文翻译：

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通过基于果体和DNA的调查方法收集的数据在居住于木材的真菌群落中产生了一致的种间关联网络

从社区数据间接推断种间相互作用在社区生态学中具有重要意义。可以使用不同的方法调查有关物种群落的数据，每种方法在检测到的物种的数量和类型上可能有所不同，因此会在交互网络上产生变化的信息。由于子实体仅反映了居住在木材中的真菌多样性的一小部分，因此与基于DNA元条形码的调查相比，基于子实体的调查是否是研究真菌群落动态的有效方法，在真菌生态学方面一直存在争议。在本文中，我们将重点放在种与种之间的关联上，并询问从子实体调查收集的数据推断出的关联是否反映了从基于DNA的调查收集的数据中发现的关联。我们使用联合物种分布模型估算并比较了来自不同调查方法的关联网络。我们在估计物种之间的关联时记录了原始关联和残差关联，它们分别没有，并校正了非生物预测因子的影响。DNA数据的分析比预期的基于子实体的数据的分析产生了更多的种间关联。但是，我们也从子实体数据中估计出独特的关联。我们的结果表明，估计的残差关联的方向在数据类型之间是一致的，而原始关联则不太一致，这突出表明在估计关联网络时需要考虑相关环境协变量的影响。我们得出结论，尽管基于DNA的调查方法可以提供更多有关相互作用物种总数的信息，但果体调查还是一种推断木材居住真菌中关联网络的适当方法。由于DNA和果体数据在真菌群落中具有互补性信息，因此通过结合两种调查方法可以获得最全面的见解。