The regular fluctuation of resources across the Globe guides movements of migratory animals. To ensure sufficient reproductive output and maintain viable population sizes, migratory animals should match arrival at breeding areas with local peaks in resource availability. It is generally assumed that breeding phenology dictates the timing of the annual cycle, but this is poorly studied. Here, we use light‐level geolocator tracking data to compare the annual spatiotemporal migration patterns of a long‐distance migratory songbird, the red‐backed shrike, Lanius collurio, breeding at widely different latitudes within Europe. We find that populations use remarkably similar migration routes and are highly synchronized in time. Additional tracks from populations breeding at the edges of the European range support these similar migration patterns. When comparing timing of breeding and vegetation phenology, as a measure of resource availability across populations, we find that arrival and timing of breeding corresponds to the peak in vegetation greenness at northern latitudes. At lower latitudes birds arrive simultaneously with the more northerly breeding populations, but after the local greenness peak, suggesting that breeding area phenology does not determine the migratory schedule. Rather, timing of migration in red‐backed shrikes may be constrained by events in other parts of the annual cycle.

中文翻译：

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不同红背伯劳种群之间的迁移模式非常相似，表明迁移而不是繁殖地物候学决定了年周期

全球各地资源的定期波动指导了候鸟的运动。为了确保足够的繁殖产量并维持可行的种群规模，迁徙动物应使到达繁殖区的资源与当地资源的高峰相匹配。通常认为，育种物候决定了一年周期的时间，但是对此研究很少。在这里，我们使用光位定位器跟踪数据来比较长距离迁徙鸣禽，红背伯劳，拉尼厄斯collurio的年度时空迁移模式在欧洲不同纬度繁殖。我们发现人口使用非常相似的迁徙路线，并且在时间上高度同步。来自欧洲范围边缘的繁殖种群的其他踪迹也支持这些类似的迁徙模式。在比较繁殖时机和植被物候方面，作为衡量种群资源可用性的一种方法，我们发现繁殖的到来和时机对应于北纬地区植被绿色度的峰值。在低纬度地区，鸟类与较北部的繁殖种群同时到达，但在局部绿色高峰之后出现，这表明繁殖地区的物候并不决定迁徙的时间表。相反，红背sh鳞迁移的时间可能会受到年度周期其他部分事件的限制。