Most heavy metal ions are known to be toxic and carcinogenic when present in high amounts. Thus, rapid and reliable on-site detection of these ions is crucial. Voltammetry is a highly sensitive electrochemical method that has been widely used for heavy metal detection offering the advantages of sensitivity and rapidity. On the other hand, nanoparticles offer the advantages of high surface area and high selectivity. Thus, this review aims to highlight the application of metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles for the voltammetric detection of heavy metals. The nanoparticles used were either applied solely on the electrode or as modifiers with various materials. In all cases, the synthesized devices showed an enhanced analytical performance, such that the limits of detection were lowered and the sensitivities were increased as compared to voltammetric systems not using nanoparticles. Moreover, the applicability of some of these systems was investigated in real samples.

已知大多数重金属离子大量存在时会产生毒性和致癌性。因此，对这些离子进行快速可靠的现场检测至关重要。伏安法是一种高度敏感的电化学方法，已广泛用于重金属检测，具有灵敏度高和快速的优点。另一方面，纳米颗粒具有高表面积和高选择性的优点。因此，本综述旨在突出金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子在重金属伏安检测中的应用。所使用的纳米颗粒既可以单独施加在电极上，也可以作为各种材料的改性剂。在所有情况下，合成装置均显示出增强的分析性能，因此，与不使用纳米颗粒的伏安系统相比，检测限降低了，灵敏度提高了。此外，在真实样本中研究了其中一些系统的适用性。