Abstract Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) monitoring is a fundamental tool for air pollution management and control. However, the limited amount of an APM sample that is typically available upon collection using specific devices may be a limiting factor to promote reliable chemical analysis. Direct solid analysis is thus a cost-effective alternative to be applied for this purpose, since it simplifies the handling of samples, combining faster analysis to maximum detectability with minimum sample consumption. This study presents the development of methods for the determination of beryllium, cadmium and lead in inhalable particulate matter (PM10) using direct solid analysis and high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The temperature program and the use of chemical modifiers were optimized for each individual analyte. Zirconium was used as a permanent modifier for the determination of Be, whereas Pd and Mg were co-injected as chemical modifiers for the determination of Cd and Pb. The potential interferences and calibration strategies were also evaluated. Under optimized conditions, calibration against aqueous standards was proven feasible and detection limits of 0.001, 0.001 and 0.004 ng m−3 for Be, Cd and Pb, respectively, were achieved. The methods were applied to the determination of the referred analytes in 28 samples of PM10 collected at an urban site in the city of Florianopolis, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Chemometric treatment of data considering analyte content in addition to meteorological parameters (accumulated rainfall, sunlight incidence and wind speed) showed a detectable correlation between these parameters. Samples could be statistically differentiated based on separate loadings for Cd and Pb, which was opposite to Be, for instance. Hence, there is the possibility to correlate these parameters in order to establish a relationship between the origin of the elements in the PM10 samples and the impact of meteorological conditions on their distribution in solid atmospheric particles.

中文翻译：

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使用高分辨率连续源电热原子吸收光谱法直接分析颗粒物 (PM10) 以测定 Be、Cd 和 Pb：评估分析物含量与气象参数之间的潜在相关性

摘要 大气颗粒物（APM）监测是空气污染管理和控制的基本工具。然而，在使用特定设备收集时通常可用的 APM 样本数量有限，这可能是促进可靠化学分析的一个限制因素。因此，直接固体分析是用于此目的的经济高效的替代方案，因为它简化了样品的处理，将更快的分析与最大的可检测性相结合，同时将样品消耗量降至最低。本研究介绍了使用直接固体分析和高分辨率连续源电热原子吸收光谱法测定可吸入颗粒物 (PM10) 中铍、镉和铅的方法的发展。温度程序和化学改性剂的使用针对每种分析物进行了优化。锆被用作测定 Be 的永久改性剂，而 Pd 和 Mg 被共同注入作为化学改性剂用于测定 Cd 和 Pb。还评估了潜在的干扰和校准策略。在优化的条件下，证明针对水性标准进行校准是可行的，并且 Be、Cd 和 Pb 的检测限分别为 0.001、0.001 和 0.004 ng m-3。这些方法用于测定在巴西圣卡塔琳娜州弗洛里亚诺波利斯市的一个城市地点收集的 28 份 PM10 样本中的参考分析物。除了气象参数（累积降雨量、阳光入射和风速）显示这些参数之间存在可检测的相关性。例如，可以根据 Cd 和 Pb 的单独负载量对样品进行统计区分，这与 Be 是相反的。因此，有可能将这些参数关联起来，以建立 PM10 样本中元素的来源与气象条件对其在固体大气颗粒中分布的影响之间的关系。