The evolutions of different types of coke deposition, including amorphous carbon, carbon networks (CNWs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were clarified on Ni-based catalyst during catalytic cracking and reforming of biomass tar. Different from the changing of total coke, the amount of amorphous carbon gradually increased at the decreasing rate, while the amount of graphite carbon (CNWs and CNTs) firstly increased and then decreased after 60min reactions. The formation of amorphous carbon was prior to that of graphite carbon, and it was proved that a part of amorphous carbon converted to graphite carbon. After the 60min reaction, the proportion of graphite carbon and graphitization degree of coke decreased. The graphite carbon underwent the aging process in which the graphite structure would be destroyed to amorphous carbon. In cracking reaction, CNWs was the main type of graphite carbon which encapsulated the Ni particles with graphitic layers. After the addition of steam, the toluene conversion and coke amount remarkably increased in reforming reaction. Plenty of CNTs grew on the surface of catalysts and the amount of CNTs reached the maximum of about 200mg/g-cata at 60min. These research results are important for understanding the formation mechanism of coke and optimization the produced CNTs.

在生物质焦油的催化裂化和重整过程中，在镍基催化剂上阐明了包括无定形碳，碳网络（CNWs）和碳纳米管（CNTs）在内的不同类型焦炭沉积的演变。与总焦炭的变化不同，无定形碳的数量以减少的速率逐渐增加，而石墨碳（CNWs和CNTs）的数量在反应60分钟后先增加然后减少。非晶碳的形成先于石墨碳，并且证明了一部分非晶碳转化为石墨碳。60min反应后，石墨碳的比例和焦炭的石墨化程度降低。石墨碳经历了老化过程，其中石墨结构将被破坏为无定形碳。在裂化反应中 碳纳米管是石墨碳的主要类型，它用石墨层包裹了镍颗粒。加入蒸汽后，重整反应中的甲苯转化率和焦炭量显着增加。大量的碳纳米管在催化剂表面生长，在60分钟时碳纳米管的最大量达到约200mg / g-催化剂。这些研究结果对于理解焦炭的形成机理和优化生产的碳纳米管具有重要意义。