Abstract Rockbolting is widely used in civil and mining engineering to increase the inherent strength of the rock mass and reduce deformations around underground excavations. Rockbolt design by means of computer-aided numerical simulations has been playing an increasingly important role in geotechnical engineering. The research work presented herein introduces a novel rockbolt logic for the finite-discrete element method (FDEM), a numerical modelling approach capable of explicitly capturing brittle fracturing in complex geological media. Adoption of a GPU-based implementation was required to achieve substantial simulation speed-ups compared to conventional CPU computing. Rockbolts are discretized by 1D structural elements which are coupled to the solid finite element mesh by dedicated spring-slider connectors representing the bolt anchoring system. The formulation is verified by comparing simulated stress distributions with closed-form solutions for the cases of (i) a pull-out test on a fully-grouted rockbolt and (ii) a circular tunnel excavated in a bolted elastic medium. The effectiveness of the method for practical design applications is demonstrated by simulating the behavior of a bolted underground excavation in a heavily jointed rock mass. The effect of bolt spacing on the fracturing and deformational response of the rock mass is analyzed together with the force distributions in the rockbolts.

中文翻译：

---

一种用于 GPU 加速的有限离散元方法代码的新型锚杆公式及其在地下开挖中的应用

摘要 锚杆锚固广泛应用于土木和采矿工程中，以增加岩体的固有强度，减少地下开挖周围的变形。借助计算机辅助数值模拟的岩栓设计在岩土工程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍的研究工作为有限离散元法 (FDEM) 引入了一种新颖的锚杆逻辑，这是一种能够明确捕获复杂地质介质中脆性断裂的数值建模方法。与传统的 CPU 计算相比，需要采用基于 GPU 的实现来实现显着的模拟加速。Rockbolts 由 1D 结构元素离散化，这些元素通过代表螺栓锚固系统的专用弹簧滑块连接器耦合到实体有限元网格。该公式通过将模拟应力分布与封闭形式的解决方案进行比较来验证，适用于 (i) 对完全灌浆的锚杆进行拉拔试验和 (ii) 在螺栓弹性介质中开挖的圆形隧道。该方法在实际设计应用中的有效性通过模拟严重节理岩体中螺栓固定地下开挖的行为来证明。结合锚杆中的受力分布，分析了锚杆间距对岩体破裂和变形响应的影响。该方法在实际设计应用中的有效性通过模拟严重节理岩体中螺栓固定地下开挖的行为来证明。结合锚杆中的受力分布，分析了锚杆间距对岩体破裂和变形响应的影响。该方法在实际设计应用中的有效性通过模拟严重节理岩体中螺栓固定地下开挖的行为来证明。结合锚杆中的受力分布，分析了锚杆间距对岩体破裂和变形响应的影响。