Genome structural variations enable microbes to evolve quickly under environmental stress. Recent efforts in synthetic biology have shown the ability of yeast chromosomal engineering to generate a larger scale of genome structural variations, which require a high efficiency of DNA rearrangement technology. In this review, we summarize the recent development of the SCRaMbLE system, an evolutionary approach, and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate yeast genome rearrangement. Both technologies exhibit the powerful applications of chromosomal engineering to accelerate phenotypic evolution. We highlight several studies where yeast genome rearrangement has successfully improved industrially-relevant phenotypes, including the production of novel medicine, nutrition supplements, anti-tumor molecules, and the tolerance of environmental stress and drug resistance.

基因组结构变异使微生物能够在环境压力下快速进化。合成生物学的最新研究表明，酵母染色体工程技术能够产生更大规模的基因组结构变异，这需要高效的DNA重排技术。在这篇综述中，我们总结了SCRaMbLE系统的最新发展，一种进化方法以及用于产生酵母基因组重排的CRISPR / Cas9技术。两种技术都展示了染色体工程技术在加速表型进化方面的强大应用。我们重点介绍了几项酵母基因组重排成功改善了与工业相关的表型的研究，包括新型药物的生产，营养补品，抗肿瘤分子，