Planning for multifunctional landscapes is a way to restore ecological processes that benefit human well-being (ecosystem services—ES). By accounting for the effects of the spatial arrangement of restored areas, planners can enhance the positive outcomes of restoration activities. However, while there are many models for individual ES provision, the direct influence of landscape structure on multiple ES has not been integrated into practical tools that planners can use. We aimed to develop a modelling framework to support a landscape-scale evaluation of multiple services, by identifying bundles of ES that respond similarly to landscape structure and providing a tool to support the prioritization of restoration efforts. Based on current literature for examples and scientific support, our framework first considers stakeholders’ interests, and then states the main ES features that planners need to identify to understand which landscape structure to pursue with restoration actions. We also developed a tool that uses simple, readily available data to prioritize locations for restoration across landscapes. With our framework, it becomes possible to integrate ES preferences and context-dependent management options that are understandable to a broad audience. We identified ten ES bundles with a unique response to landscape structure. We used eight of them in our tool, simplifying planner's management decisions for multiple benefits. Our framework and tool have a great potential to support landscape planning and management decisions that aim to increase landscape multifunctionality and will encourage actions towards landscape sustainability across both public and private lands.

中文翻译：

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一个用户启发的框架和工具，用于恢复多功能景观：将利益相关者和景观服务的科学知识付诸实践

规划多功能景观是恢复有益于人类福祉的生态过程（生态系统服务——ES）的一种方式。通过考虑恢复区域空间布置的影响，规划者可以增强恢复活动的积极成果。然而，虽然个体生态系统提供的模型很多，但景观结构对多个生态系统的直接影响并没有被整合到规划者可以使用的实用工具中。我们的目标是开发一个建模框架，通过识别与景观结构响应相似的 ES 包，并提供支持修复工作优先级的工具，来支持多种服务的景观规模评估。基于当前的示例和科学支持文献，我们的框架首先考虑利益相关者的利益，然后说明规划者需要确定的主要生态系统特征，以了解在恢复行动中追求哪种景观结构。我们还开发了一种工具，该工具使用简单、现成的数据来确定跨景观恢复的位置的优先级。使用我们的框架，可以集成 ES 偏好和广泛受众可以理解的上下文相关管理选项。我们确定了十个对景观结构具有独特响应的 ES 包。我们在我们的工具中使用了其中的八个，从而简化了规划人员的管理决策以获得多种收益。我们的框架和工具在支持旨在增加景观多功能性的景观规划和管理决策方面具有巨大的潜力，并将鼓励公共和私人土地上的景观可持续性行动。