Cytokine polymorphisms can influence their plasma levels and thus affect the immune response in renal transplantation. A total of 146 renal transplant recipients (RTR) were classified into groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (R1: < 60 and R2: ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) and time after transplantation (T1: 1 to 24, T2: 25 to 60, T3: 61 to 120, and T4: > 120 months after transplantation). The polymorphisms were genotyped by single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. IL-10 was measured by ELISA and IL-6, and TNF levels were determined using Miliplex®. A higher frequency of the − 308G allele and the − 308G/G genotype, low-producer, was observed in the R1 group compared with R2. In addition, a higher frequency of the − 308A carriers, high-producer, was found in the R2 group. However, no significant difference was observed in cytokine levels when both groups were compared. Higher levels of IL-6 were observed in T1 compared with T2 and T4 groups. Lower IL-6 levels were found in T2 compared with T3 group. Lower levels of IL-10 were also found in T1 group in relation to T2, while higher levels of this cytokine were observed in T2 group compared with T3. The results suggest that the − 308G > A polymorphism in the TNF gene is associated with filtration function after renal transplantation, and IL-6 and IL-10 levels change according to the time after transplantation. Thus, the joint evaluation of − 308G > A polymorphism in TNF gene and IL-6 and IL-10 levels would provide a broader and effective view on the clinical monitoring of RTR.

细胞因子多态性可影响其血浆水平，从而影响肾移植中的免疫反应。根据估计的肾小球滤过率 (R1: < 60 和 R2: ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m ²）和移植后时间（T1：1～24，T2：25～60，T3：61～120，T4：移植后>120个月）。多态性通过单一特异性引物-聚合酶链反应进行基因分型。IL-10 通过 ELISA 和 IL-6 测量，TNF 水平使用 Miliplex® 确定。与 R2 相比，在 R1 组中观察到更高频率的 -308G 等位基因和 -308G/G 基因型，低生产者。此外，在R2组中发现了更高频率的-308A载波，高产。然而，当比较两组时，没有观察到细胞因子水平的显着差异。与 T2 和 T4 组相比，在 T1 组中观察到更高水平的 IL-6。与 T3 组相比，T2 组的 IL-6 水平较低。与 T2 相比，T1 组的 IL-10 水平也较低，而与 T3 相比，在 T2 组中观察到更高水平的这种细胞因子。结果提示TNF基因的-308G>A多态性与肾移植后的滤过功能有关，IL-6和IL-10水平随移植后时间而变化。因此，-308G > A 多态性在 TNF 基因和 IL-6 和 IL-10 水平的联合评估将为 RTR 的临床监测提供更广泛和有效的观点。