Varroa destructor is one of the greatest threats for the European honeybee, Apis mellifera. Acaricides are required to control mite infestation. Three conventional chemical acaricide substances are used in France: tau-fluvalinate, flumethrin and amitraz. Tau-fluvalinate was used for over 10 years before experiencing a loss of effectiveness. In 1995, bioassay trials showed the first mite resistance to tau-fluvalinate. In some countries, amitraz was widely used, also leading to resistance of V. destructor to amitraz. In France, some efficiency field tests showed a loss of treatment effectiveness with amitraz. We adapted the bioassay from Maggi and collaborators to determine mite susceptibility to tau-fluvalinate and amitraz in France in 2018 and 2019. The lethal concentration (LC) which kills 90% of susceptible mite strains (LC₉₀) is 0.4 and 12 µg/mL for amitraz and tau-fluvalinate, respectively. These concentrations were chosen as the determining factors to evaluate mite susceptibility. Some mites, collected from different apiaries, present resistance to amitraz and tau-fluvalinate (71% of the mite samples show resistance to amitraz and 57% to tau-fluvalinate). As there are few active substances available in France, and if mite resistance to acaricides continues to increase, the effectiveness of the treatments will decrease and therefore more treatments per year will be necessary. To prevent this situation, a new strategy needs to be put in place to include mite resistance management. We suggest that a bioassay would be a good tool with which to advise the policymakers.

中文翻译：

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在法国，Varroa破坏者对阿米特拉和tau-fluvalinate的敏感性清单。

Varroa的破坏者是欧洲蜜蜂Apis mellifera的最大威胁之一。需要使用杀螨剂来控制螨虫侵扰。法国使用了三种常规的化学杀螨剂：tau-fluvalinate，flumethrin和amitraz。Tau-fluvalinate在失去功效之前已经使用了10年以上。1995年，生物测定试验显示出第一个螨对tau-fluvalinate有抗药性。在某些国家/地区，广泛使用了阿米特拉斯，这也导致了V. destructor的抗药性阿米特拉斯。在法国，一些效率现场测试表明，使用阿米特拉斯治疗效果不佳。我们调整了Maggi和合作者的生物测定方法，以确定2018年和2019年法国对tau-fluvalinate和Amitraz的螨虫敏感性。致死浓度（LC）杀死90％的敏感螨虫菌株（LC ₉₀对于阿米特拉和tau-fluvalinate，分别为0.4和12 µg / mL。选择这些浓度作为评估螨虫敏感性的决定因素。从不同的养蜂场收集到的一些螨虫对阿米特拉和tau-fluvalinate具有抗性（71％的螨虫样本对阿米特拉和tau-fluvalinate具有抗性）。由于法国可用的活性物质很少，并且如果螨对杀螨剂的抗药性持续增加，则治疗的有效性将降低，因此每年将需要更多的治疗。为防止这种情况，需要制定新的策略来包括抗螨虫管理。我们建议生物测定将是向决策者提供建议的好工具。