Mukonal is an active member of carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya koenigii. It has been shown to possess remarkable biological and pharmacological activities including anticancer activity. Therefore, the aim of current investigation was to explore anti-breast cancer activity of mukonal and to explore the underlying mechanism. Results indicate that mukonal has potential to induce antiproliferative effects against MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells with an IC₅₀ of 7.5 µM. No significant toxicity of mukonal was observed in case of normal breast cells. The antiproliferative effects of mukonal were found to proceed via apoptosis, which was further supported by increased cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 and reduced expression of Bcl-2. Mukonal induced autophagic cells death in breast cancer cells as was evidenced by formation of autophagosomes and enhanced expressions of Beclin-1, LC3B-I and LC3B-II proteins. In vivo examination of anti-breast cancer property of mukonal indicated that it could potentially reduce tumor weight and volume in xenografted mice models. In conclusion, mukonal has a remarkable potential of inhibiting breast cancer via induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Mukonal also inhibited xenografted tumors models in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, mukonal may prove lead molecule in breast cancer drug discovery and treatment provided further investigations are recommended.

中文翻译：

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Mukonal通过诱导自噬和细胞凋亡对人乳腺癌细胞发挥抗癌作用，并在体内抑制肿瘤的生长。

Mukonal是从Murraya koenigii分离出的咔唑生物碱的活性成员。已显示它具有显着的生物学和药理活性，包括抗癌活性。因此，当前研究的目的是探讨粘膜的抗乳腺癌活性并探讨其潜在机制。结果表明，mukonal可能具有IC ₅₀诱导针对MDA-MB-231和SK-BR-3细胞的抗增殖作用7.5 µM。在正常乳腺细胞的情况下，未观察到粘膜的明显毒性。发现粘液的抗增殖作用通过细胞凋亡来进行，这通过PARP和caspase-3的裂解增加和Bcl-2的表达降低进一步得到支持。通过自噬体的形成和Beclin-1，LC3B-I和LC3B-II蛋白的表达增强证明了Mukonal诱导乳腺癌细胞自噬细胞死亡。在体内检查粘液腺的抗乳腺癌特性表明，它可以潜在地减少异种移植小鼠模型中的肿瘤重量和体积。总之，mukonal具有通过诱导凋亡和自噬来抑制乳腺癌的巨大潜力。Mukonal还以剂量依赖性方式抑制异种移植肿瘤模型。因此，