The decline of stem cell performance with age is a potential paramount mechanism of aging. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are perhaps the most studied and best characterized tissue-specific somatic stem cells. As such, HSCs offer an excellent research model of how aging affects stem cell performance, and vice versa. Studies from recent years have elucidated major aging phenotypes of HSCs including a decline in reconstitution potential, altered differentiation predisposition, an increase in number, accumulation of DNA damage/mutations and several others. However, what drives these changes, and exactly how they translate to pathology is poorly understood. Recent studies point to proliferative stress of HSCs as a potential driver of their aging and the resulting pathologies. Here we discuss the recent discoveries and suggest the context in which aging phenotypes could be driven, and the relevant mechanisms by which HSCs could be affected.

干细胞性能随年龄的下降是衰老的一个潜在的重要机制。造血干细胞（HSC）可能是研究最多、特征最清楚的组织特异性成体干细胞。因此，造血干细胞提供了一个优秀的研究模型，研究衰老如何影响干细胞的性能，反之亦然。近年来的研究阐明了 HSC 的主要衰老表型，包括重建潜力下降、分化倾向改变、数量增加、DNA 损伤/突变积累等。然而，究竟是什么驱动了这些变化，以及它们如何转化为病理学，人们却知之甚少。最近的研究指出，造血干细胞的增殖应激是其衰老和由此产生的病理的潜在驱动因素。在这里，我们讨论最近的发现，并提出可能驱动衰老表型的背景，以及可能影响 HSC 的相关机制。