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Review of preventative HIV vaccine clinical trials in South Africa.
Archives of Virology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04777-2
Fatima Laher 1 , Linda-Gail Bekker 2 , Nigel Garrett 3, 4 , Erica M Lazarus 1 , Glenda E Gray 1, 5
Affiliation  

New HIV infections continue relentlessly in southern Africa, demonstrating the need for a vaccine to prevent HIV subtype C. In South Africa, the country with the highest number of new infections annually, HIV vaccine research has been ongoing since 2003 with collaborative public-private-philanthropic partnerships. So far, 21 clinical trials have been conducted in South Africa, investigating seven viral vectors, three DNA plasmids, four envelope proteins, five adjuvants and three monoclonal antibodies. Active vaccine candidates have spanned subtypes A, B, C, E and multi-subtype mosaic sequences. All were well tolerated. Four concepts were investigated for efficacy: rAd5-gag/pol/nef showed increased HIV acquisition in males, subtype C ALVAC/gp120/MF59 showed no preventative efficacy, and the trials for the VRC01 monoclonal antibody and Ad26.Mos4.HIV/subtype C gp140/ aluminum phosphate are ongoing. Future trials are planned with DNA/viral vector plus protein combinations in concert with pre-exposure prophylaxis, and sequential immunization studies with transmitted/founder HIV envelope to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. Finally, passive immunization trials are underway to build on the experience with VRC01, including single and combination antibody trials with an antibody derived from a subtype-C-infected South African donor. Future consideration should be given to the evaluation of novel strategies, for example, inactivated-whole-virus vaccines.

中文翻译:

南非预防性 HIV 疫苗临床试验的回顾。

南部非洲不断出现新的 HIV 感染,这表明需要一种疫苗来预防 C 型 HIV。在南非这个每年新感染人数最多的国家,自 2003 年以来,与公私合作的 HIV 疫苗研究一直在进行中。慈善伙伴关系。迄今为止,南非已进行了 21 项临床试验,研究了 7 种病毒载体、3 种 DNA 质粒、4 种包膜蛋白、5 种佐剂和 3 种单克隆抗体。活性疫苗候选物跨越了亚型 A、B、C、E 和多亚型镶嵌序列。所有人都被很好地耐受了。研究了四个概念的功效:rAd5-gag/pol/nef 显示男性感染 HIV 增加,C 亚型 ALVAC/gp120/MF59 显示没有预防功效,以及 VRC01 单克隆抗体和 Ad26.Mos4 的试验。HIV/C 亚型 gp140/磷酸铝正在进行中。未来的试验计划将 DNA/病毒载体加蛋白质组合与暴露前预防相结合,以及使用传播/创始人 HIV 包膜进行连续免疫研究以诱导广泛的中和抗体。最后,正在进行被动免疫试验以建立 VRC01 的经验,包括使用来自 C 亚型感染的南非供体的抗体进行的单一和组合抗体试验。未来应考虑评估新策略,例如灭活全病毒疫苗。和使用传播/创始人 HIV 包膜进行连续免疫研究以诱导广泛的中和抗体。最后,正在进行被动免疫试验以建立 VRC01 的经验,包括使用来自感染 C 亚型的南非供体的抗体的单一和组合抗体试验。未来应考虑评估新策略,例如灭活全病毒疫苗。和使用传播/创始人 HIV 包膜进行连续免疫研究以诱导广泛的中和抗体。最后,正在进行被动免疫试验以建立 VRC01 的经验,包括使用来自感染 C 亚型的南非供体的抗体的单一和组合抗体试验。未来应考虑评估新策略,例如灭活全病毒疫苗。
更新日期:2020-08-14
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