The existence and failures of silty sand have been reported worldwide, and the behaviour of sand–silt mixtures at small to large strains has been intensively studied. Owing to the relatively low stress level achieved in laboratory testing, no unifying framework has yet been proposed for sand–silt mixtures. In the presented work, a crushable sand, made of pumice, was used as host sand so as to reach a unique normal compression line under pressures easily attainable in the laboratory. The sand was combined with non-plastic fines in proportions varying between 0 and 100%, and tested in compression and shearing with associated bender element testing for small-strain stiffness measurements. The unique relationship between pressure and volume on the normal compression line allowed for the normalisation of the data in a way that highlights the effects of fines irrespective of the density. It was found that once the effects of the fines on the index properties and compressibility have been cancelled, by normalising for volume, the behaviour of the sand–silt mixtures can be characterised as unique.

中文翻译：

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非塑料粉砂浮石混合物的规范化行为

全世界已经报道了粉砂的存在和破坏，并且已经对砂-粉混合物在小到大应变下的行为进行了深入研究。由于在实验室测试中获得的应力水平较低，因此尚未提出用于砂-粉混合物的统一框架。在提出的工作中，使用浮石制成的可压碎砂子作为主体砂子，以便在实验室容易达到的压力下达到独特的正常压缩线。将沙子与比例在0％至100％之间的非塑料细粉组合在一起，并在压缩和剪切测试中进行了相关的弯曲元件测试，以测量小应变的刚度。正常压缩线上的压力和体积之间的独特关系允许对数据进行归一化，从而突出显示罚款的影响而与密度无关。人们发现，一旦细粉对指数特性和可压缩性的影响被抵消了，就可以通过对体积进行归一化，将沙-粉混合物的行为表征为独特。