ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science. The base of nanotechnology is nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. The nanoparticles are classified into different classes such as inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles and carbon base nanoparticles. The inorganic nanoparticles are further classified into metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles.similarly carbon base nanoparticles classified into Fullerene, Carbon nanotubes, Graphene, Carbon nanofiber and carbon black Nanoparticles are also classified on the basis of dimension such as one dimension nanoparticles, two-dimension nanoparticles and three-dimension nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are synthesized by using two approaches like top-down approach and bottom-up approach. In this review chemical, physical and green synthesis of nanoparticles is reported. The synthesized nanoparticles are synthesized using different qualitative and quantitative techniques. The Qualitative techniques include Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X.ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The Quantitative techniques include Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Annular Dark-Field Imaging (HAADF) and Intracranial pressure (ICP). The nanoparticles have different application which is reported in this review.

摘要

纳米技术是新兴的科学领域。纳米技术的基础是纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒的尺寸为1至100nm。纳米颗粒分为不同的类别，例如无机纳米颗粒，有机纳米颗粒，陶瓷纳米颗粒和碳基纳米颗粒。无机纳米粒子又分为金属纳米粒子和金属氧化物纳米粒子。类似地，碳基纳米粒子分为富勒烯，碳纳米管，石墨烯，碳纳米纤维和炭黑。纳米粒子也根据尺寸分类，例如一维纳米粒子，二维纳米粒子纳米粒子和三维纳米粒子。通过使用自上而下的方法和自下而上的方法的两种方法来合成纳米颗粒。在这篇化学评论中，报告了纳米粒子的物理和绿色合成。使用不同的定性和定量技术合成了合成的纳米颗粒。定性技术包括傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR），紫外可见分光光度法，扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线衍射（XRD）和原子力显微镜（AFM）。定量技术包括透射电子显微镜（TEM），环形暗场成像（HAADF）和颅内压（ICP）。纳米颗粒具有不同的应用，本综述对此进行了报道。扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线衍射（XRD）和原子力显微镜（AFM）。定量技术包括透射电子显微镜（TEM），环形暗场成像（HAADF）和颅内压（ICP）。纳米颗粒具有不同的应用，本综述对此进行了报道。扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线衍射（XRD）和原子力显微镜（AFM）。定量技术包括透射电子显微镜（TEM），环形暗场成像（HAADF）和颅内压（ICP）。纳米颗粒具有不同的应用，本综述对此进行了报道。