Production of carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) as a winter crop in the Southeast United States presents a unique opportunity for growers to produce significant amounts of biofuel feedstock to meet domestic energy needs. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of N application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha⁻¹) and split management (single, two‐way split, or three‐way split of 90 kg N ha⁻¹ applied at planting, bolting, and flowering) on carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition. In Study 1, plant height, mainstem node numbers, primary and secondary branches, pod length, pods numbers, and seeds per pod increased quadratically with N application rate. Averaged over the 5 yr, seed yield response to N application rate was quadratic and ranged from 1,245 kg ha⁻¹ with 0 kg N ha⁻¹ to 2,444 kg ha⁻¹ with 117 kg N ha⁻¹. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) occurred at 103 kg N ha^–1, which produced 2,427 kg seed ha⁻¹ representing a US$386 ha⁻¹ profit margin. Except for protein, N application rate did not have an effect on glucosinolates and fatty acid composition. In Study 2, a split application of N had variable effects on carinata growth; however, seed yield did not vary with split management or timing of N averaging 3,905 kg ha⁻¹. Split management and N source did not have an effect on seed chemical composition. These results suggest that carinata grown at the EONR of 103 kg N ha⁻¹ can maximize seed and oil production in the Southeast.

中文翻译：

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Carinata生长，产量和化学成分对氮肥管理的反应

在美国东南部，作为冬季作物的carinata（Brassica carinata A. Braun）生产为种植者提供了一个难得的机会，使其可以生产大量的生物燃料原料以满足国内能源需求。进行了田间试验，以量化氮肥施用量（0、45、90和135 kg N ha ^-1）和分割管理（90 kg N ha ^-1的单次，双向拆分或双向拆分）的影响。（在播种，抽ing和开花期间施用）对Carinata的生长，产量和化学成分。在研究1中，随着施氮量的增加，株高，主茎节数，初生和次枝，荚果长度，荚果数和每个荚果的种子数量呈二次增加趋势。平均超过5年，种子产量响应到N施用率为二次和从1245不等公斤公顷^-1 0千克氮公顷^-1至2444千克公顷^-1 117公斤氮公顷^-1。经济最佳氮肥浓度（EONR）为103 kg N ha ^–1，产生了2,427 kg种子ha ^-1，相当于386美元ha ^-1利润率。除蛋白质外，氮的施用量对芥子油苷和脂肪酸组成没有影响。在研究2中，N的不同施用对Carinata的生长有不同的影响；然而，种子产量没有因分割管理或平均施氮时间3905 kg ha ^-1而变化。分割管理和氮源对种子化学成分没有影响。这些结果表明，在EONR为103 kg N ha ^-1时生长的拟南芥可以使东南部的种子和油的产量最大化。