Chernozems or mollisols/black soils are 'reference soils' with a high content of organic matter, which ensures a high level of crop yield. In the article, we describe the structural characteristics of a typical medium‐thick Chernozem taken from Kursk region and their improvement via treatment by a 1 wt% aqueous solution/suspension of interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC), a product of electrostatic interaction between anionic potassium humates and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). The native Chernozem and polymer‐treated chernozem were characterized by laser diffraction, dry and wet sieving methods, transmission electron microscopy, soil washoff in a hydraulic erosion tray, gravimetry, visual control, and vegetation miniaturization in Petri dishes with the following main conclusions: (a) Deposition of a positively charged IPEC over the Chernozem sample led to an increase in a total amount of agronomically valuable 0.25–1 mm aggregates up to 28% in comparison with a 3% content of aggregates in the native Chernozem. (b) An average diameter of the air‐dry aggregates, treated by a cationic IPEC, was of 5.5 mm (cf. with 2.5 mm for the untreated). (c) An average diameter of the IPEC‐treated water‐resistant aggregates was of 2.1 mm (cf. with 0.5 for the untreated). (d) The Chernozem pretreated by the cationic IPEC showed a minimum removal of soil during several cycles of rewatering/drying. (e) All IPEC formulations, stimulated the growth of plants. The results are of interest for preparing low‐toxic polymer formulations capable of effective stabilizing fertile Chernozem soils.

中文翻译：

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聚电解质复合物可作为有效的黑钙土土壤结构形成剂

黑钙土或软体动物/黑土是有机质含量高的“参考土”，可确保高水平的农作物产量。在本文中，我们描述了从库尔斯克地区采摘的典型中厚黑诺木的结构特征，以及通过使用1 wt％的水溶液/悬浮液（聚阴离子电解质复合物之间的静电相互作用的产物）（IPEC）进行处理对其进行的改进。和阳离子聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵。通过激光衍射，干法和湿法筛分法，透射电子显微镜，水力侵蚀托盘中的土壤冲刷，重量法，视觉控制和陪替氏培养皿中的植物小型化，对天然的黑钙土和聚合物处理的黑钙土进行表征，其主要结论如下：（a）在黑切诺泽样品上沉积带正电荷的IPEC导致农业上有价值的0.25-1 mm骨料总量增加了28％，而天然黑切诺姆中骨料含量为3％。（b）经阳离子IPEC处理的风干骨料的平均直径为5.5毫米（参见未处理的2.5毫米）。（c）经IPEC处理的耐水集料的平均直径为2.1毫米（未处理时为0.5）。（d）经阳离子IPEC预处理的黑钙土在多次补水/干燥过程中显示出最小的土壤去除率。（e）所有IPEC配方都刺激了植物的生长。研究结果对于制备能够有效稳定肥沃的黑钙土的低毒聚合物配方很有意义。