Diltiazem is ubiquitously prescribed and has been reported in many effluents and freshwater bodies. Being a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem could disrupt the function of the sensory and central nervous systems. In the present study, using electro-olfactography (EOG), we investigated the interaction of diltiazem with the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of rainbow trout by looking into the detection threshold and effects of immediate (~5 min) and acute (24 h) exposure to diltiazem at 6.6, 66, and 660 µg/L. We also studied the accumulation of the drug in fish plasma and whole body. Brief exposure to diltiazem impaired the OSN response to a chemosensory stimulus in a concentration-dependent manner at 6.6 µg/L and higher, whereas OSNs exposed for 24 h only displayed an impairment at 660 µg/L. Chemical analysis showed that the accumulation of diltiazem in fish plasma and body correlated with the EOG response because it was 10 times higher in the group that displayed a significant impairment (660 µg/L) compared to the other 2 groups (6.6, 66 µg/L). This correlation suggests that the impact of diltiazem on OSNs might partially be through the accumulated molecules in the fish bloodstream. Fish did not detect diltiazem as a sensory stimulus even at concentrations as high as 660 µg/L; thus, fish could potentially swim toward or fail to escape harmful concentrations of diltiazem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:554–550. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）嗅觉系统与地尔硫卓的相互作用

地尔硫卓无处不在，据报道在许多污水和淡水体中都有使用。作为钙通道阻滞剂，地尔硫卓可能会破坏感觉和中枢神经系统的功能。在本研究中，我们使用电子嗅觉（EOG），通过研究立即（~5 分钟）和急性（24 小时）的检测阈值和影响，研究了地尔硫卓与虹鳟嗅觉神经元（OSN）的相互作用) 暴露于 6.6、66 和 660 µg/L 的地尔硫卓。我们还研究了药物在鱼血浆和全身的积累。在 6.6 µg/L 或更高浓度下，短暂暴露于地尔硫卓会以浓度依赖性方式损害 OSN 对化学感觉刺激的反应，而暴露 24 小时的 OSN 仅在 660 µg/L 时表现出损伤。化学分析表明，地尔硫卓在鱼血浆和身体中的积累与 EOG 反应相关，因为与其他 2 组（6.6、66 µg/L）相比，显示出显着损伤的组（660 µg/L）高出 10 倍。 L)。这种相关性表明地尔硫卓对 OSN 的影响可能部分是通过鱼血流中积累的分子。即使浓度高达 660 µg/L，鱼也不会检测到地尔硫卓作为感官刺激物；因此，鱼可能会游向或无法逃离有害浓度的地尔硫卓。这种相关性表明地尔硫卓对 OSN 的影响可能部分是通过鱼血流中积累的分子。即使浓度高达 660 µg/L，鱼也不会检测到地尔硫卓作为感官刺激物；因此，鱼可能会游向或无法逃离有害浓度的地尔硫卓。这种相关性表明地尔硫卓对 OSN 的影响可能部分是通过鱼血流中积累的分子。即使浓度高达 660 µg/L，鱼也不会检测到地尔硫卓作为感官刺激物；因此，鱼可能会游向或无法逃离有害浓度的地尔硫卓。环境毒物化学2022；41：554–550。© 2020 SETAC