Although it is widely accepted that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is important for decision making, its precise contribution to behavior remains a topic of debate. While many loss of function experiments have been conducted in animals, causal studies of human OFC function are relatively scarce. This review discusses recent causal investigations into the human OFC, with an emphasis on advances in network-based brain stimulation approaches to indirectly perturb OFC function. Findings show that disruption of human OFC impairs decisions that require mental simulation of outcomes. Taken together, these results support the idea that human OFC contributes to decision making by representing a cognitive map of the task environment, facilitating inference of outcomes not yet experienced. Future work may utilize similar non-invasive approaches in clinical settings to mitigate decision making deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.

尽管人们普遍认为眶额皮质（OFC）对于决策很重要，但它对行为的确切贡献仍然是一个有争议的话题。虽然在动物身上进行了许多功能丧失实验，但对人类 OFC 功能的因果研究相对较少。这篇综述讨论了最近对人类 OFC 的因果研究，重点是基于网络的大脑刺激方法间接扰乱 OFC 功能的进展。研究结果表明，人类 OFC 的破坏会损害需要对结果进行心理模拟的决策。总而言之，这些结果支持这样的观点：人类 OFC 通过表示任务环境的认知图来促进决策，促进对尚未经历过的结果的推断。未来的工作可能会在临床环境中利用类似的非侵入性方法来减轻神经精神疾病的决策缺陷。