Journal of Proteomics ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103943 Laura Arroyo 1 , Daniel Valent 1 , Ricard Carreras 2 , Raquel Pato 3 , Josefa Sabrià 4 , Antonio Velarde 2 , Anna Bassols 3
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Environmental enrichment in porcine farms improves animal welfare and leads to better public acceptance. To better understand the neurological mechanisms of the response to environmental enrichment, monoaminergic neurotransmitters were quantified in several brain areas from pigs after eight weeks of housing in barren or enriched conditions. Furthermore, iTRAQ labelling combined with LC-MS/MS was used to identify differentially abundant proteins in the hippocampus. Blood biochemical parameters related with stress and welfare were measured. Pigs under enriched conditions showed a decrease in plasma cortisol and lactate. The decrease in noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, a general decrease in the dopaminergic system and an increase of serotonin in the striatum indicate a lower response to stress in enriched conditions. In the proteomic analysis, 2304 proteins were identified, of which 56 were differential between housing groups (46 upregulated and 10 downregulated). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that they were mainly related to ribosome, translation, microtubules and metabolic mitochondrial processes, indicating that pigs under enriched environments have higher abundance of proteins related to protein synthesis and neuronal activity. Together with previous behavioural studies, our results suggest that environmental enrichment provides a less stressful environment and that pigs cope better with stress conditions like the slaughterhouse.
Significance
Animal welfare has become an important aspect for the sustainability of animal production. The modification of the environment by enriching it with rooting materials and wider space allowance is known to have a positive effect on pigs' welfare. Searching for the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, we found that housing in an enriched environment increased the abundance of proteins related to protein synthesis, microtubule assembly, vesicle-mediated transport and energy metabolism in the hippocampus of pigs. Likewise, changes in the neurotransmitter profile in several brain areas were compatible with a better response to stress. This study expands the knowledge about the biological basis of animal welfare-promoting actions.
中文翻译：
猪环境富集的神经生物学：在几个大脑区域和海马蛋白质组中挂有单胺能神经递质。
养猪场中的环境富集改善了动物的福利，并导致更好的公众接受度。为了更好地理解对环境富集作出反应的神经机制，在贫瘠或富足条件下饲养八周后，在猪的几个脑区域对单胺能神经递质进行了定量。此外，iTRAQ标记与LC-MS / MS结合用于鉴定海马中差异丰富的蛋白质。测量与压力和福利有关的血液生化参数。猪在富集条件下血浆皮质醇和乳酸盐减少。前额叶皮质和杏仁核中去甲肾上腺素的减少，多巴胺能系统的普遍减少和纹状体中5-羟色胺的增加表明在富足条件下对压力的响应较低。在蛋白质组学分析中，鉴定出2304种蛋白质，其中56个在住房群体之间有差异（46个上调和10个下调）。生物信息学分析表明，它们主要与核糖体，翻译，微管和代谢线粒体过程有关，这表明在富集环境下的猪具有更高的与蛋白质合成和神经元活性有关的蛋白质。与以前的行为研究一起，我们的结果表明，环境富集提供的压力环境较小，而猪可以更好地应对诸如屠宰场之类的压力条件。微管和代谢线粒体过程，这表明在富集环境下的猪具有与蛋白质合成和神经元活性有关的大量蛋白质。与以前的行为研究一起，我们的结果表明，环境富集提供的压力环境较小，而猪可以更好地应对诸如屠宰场之类的压力条件。微管和代谢线粒体过程，这表明在富集环境下的猪具有与蛋白质合成和神经元活性有关的大量蛋白质。与以前的行为研究一起，我们的结果表明，环境富集提供的压力环境较小，而猪可以更好地应对诸如屠宰场之类的压力条件。
意义
动物福利已成为动物生产可持续性的重要方面。通过添加生根材料和更大的空间允许量来改善环境对猪的福利产生积极影响。在寻找潜在的神经生物学机制时，我们发现在肥沃的环境中饲养可增加与猪海马中蛋白质合成，微管组装，囊泡介导的运输和能量代谢有关的蛋白质的丰度。同样，几个大脑区域神经递质分布的变化与对压力的更好反应兼容。这项研究扩展了有关动物福利促进行动的生物学基础的知识。
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