Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance cadmium (Cd) tolerance and decrease Cd uptake of rice plant. However, in these processes, the essential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidants interactions is so far not investigated. We inoculated AMF, Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri), to upland rice subjected to 0, 2 or 10 mg Cd kg−1 in soil. ROS, antioxidants, chlorophyll, mesophyll cell ultrastructure, Cd concentration and Cd transporters were measured. Results showed that the levels of ROS (i.e., superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) were mitigated in +AMF + Cd treatments, especially in +Ri + Cd, compared with −AMF + Cd. For antioxidants, lower levels of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, whereas higher levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were observed in +AMF + Cd compared with −AMF + Cd. Chlorophyll content and mesophyll cell ultrastructure were improved by AMF. Cd concentrations in plants were significantly decreased in +AMF + Cd (10 mg Cd kg−1) treatments. AMF not only decreased Cd accumulation in rice but also regulated the ROS scavenging activities. The variations of ROS and antioxidants were restrained to smaller ranges by AMF. AMF may assist in Cd restriction and thus helping the host to release glutathione for ROS scavenging.

中文翻译：

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丛枝菌根真菌对镉胁迫下水稻氧化还原稳态的影响

丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 可增强水稻对镉 (Cd) 的耐受性并降低其对镉的吸收。然而，在这些过程中，活性氧 (ROS)-抗氧化剂相互作用的重要作用迄今尚未得到研究。我们将 AMF、Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) 和 Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) 接种到土壤中受到 0、2 或 10 mg Cd kg-1 的旱稻中。测量了活性氧、抗氧化剂、叶绿素、叶肉细胞超微结构、镉浓度和镉转运蛋白。结果表明，与-AMF + Cd 相比，+AMF + Cd 处理中ROS（即超氧化物、过氧化氢和脂质过氧化）的水平有所降低，尤其是在+Ri + Cd 中。对于抗氧化剂，较低水平的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶，而与-AMF + Cd 相比，在+AMF + Cd 中观察到更高水平的谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶。AMF 提高了叶绿素含量和叶肉细胞超微结构。在+AMF + Cd (10 mg Cd kg-1) 处理中，植物中的Cd 浓度显着降低。AMF 不仅降低了水稻中 Cd 的积累，而且还调节了 ROS 的清除活动。AMF 将 ROS 和抗氧化剂的变化限制在较小的范围内。AMF 可能有助于限制 Cd，从而帮助宿主释放谷胱甘肽以清除 ROS。AMF 不仅减少了水稻中 Cd 的积累，而且还调节了 ROS 的清除活动。AMF 将 ROS 和抗氧化剂的变化限制在较小的范围内。AMF 可能有助于限制 Cd，从而帮助宿主释放谷胱甘肽以清除 ROS。AMF 不仅降低了水稻中 Cd 的积累，而且还调节了 ROS 的清除活动。AMF 将 ROS 和抗氧化剂的变化限制在较小的范围内。AMF 可能有助于限制 Cd，从而帮助宿主释放谷胱甘肽以清除 ROS。