As an emerging carbon precursor, bio-oil, consisting of numerous aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic carbon compounds, is the liquid derived from waste biomass pyrolysis. In this study, we adopt a facile and effective strategy with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as pore-adjusting agents, and coupled with chemical activation and Ni²⁺ catalyzed graphitization to prepare bio-oil derived hierarchical porous carbon. The mesopore size of carbon material can be controlled by the size of macromolecular polymers by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between CTAB micelles and the oxygen-containing groups contained in bio-oil. Furthermore, increasing the CTAB amount enlarges pore size distribution from microporosity dominated to a wide range of 2–32 nm with increased specific surface area from 775 to 1302 m² g⁻¹. The resulting honeycomb-like carbon exhibits high specific capacitance as well as superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability. This work is believed to inspire the practical application of bio-oil and open up a new possibility to the pore engineering of biochar electrodes for energy storage and conversion.

作为新兴的碳前驱物，由多种芳香烃和多环碳化合物组成的生物油是源自废物生物质热解的液体。在这项研究中，我们采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为孔调节剂并结合化学活化和Ni ²⁺的简便有效策略催化石墨化制备生物油衍生的分级多孔碳。碳材料的中孔尺寸可以通过大分子聚合物的尺寸，通过CTAB胶束与生物油中包含的含氧基团之间的氢键键合和静电相互作用来控制。此外，增加CTAB的量可使孔径分布从微孔性扩大到2–32 nm，比表面积从775增加到1302 m ²  g ^-1。所得蜂窝状碳表现出高的比电容以及优异的速率能力和优异的循环稳定性。相信这项工作将激发生物油的实际应用，并为生物炭电极的孔工程用于能量存储和转换开辟新的可能性。