Trichlorfon is an organophosphate pesticide used extensively for controlling ectoparasites in aquaculture. Studies have found that trichlorfon caused environmental pollution and severe neurotoxic effects in several freshwater species. Feed additives such as flavonoids may reduce or prevent pesticide-induced toxicity in fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether acute exposure to trichlorfon impairs behavior and causes oxidative damage in brains of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). We also sought to determine whether rutin would be capable of preventing or reducing these effects. Silver catfish were divided into four groups: groups A and C received basal feed, while groups B and D received feed containing 3 mg rutin/kg diet for 21 days. After 21 days, groups C and D were exposed for 48 h to a nominal concentration of 11 mg trichlorfon/L water. Fish exposed to trichlorfon showed significantly longer distances travelled and swimming performances than did unexposed fish. Cerebral levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in fish exposed to trichlorfon than in unexposed fish, while cerebral superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were significantly lower. Taken together, our findings suggest that dietary supplementation rutin completely prevented all alterations elicited by trichlorfon, except for cerebral AChE activity; the latter remained significantly lower compared to the unexposed group. In summary, rutin prevents trichlorfon-induced neurotoxicity in silver catfish.

敌百虫是一种有机磷酸盐农药，广泛用于控制水产养殖中的体外寄生虫。研究发现敌百虫对几种淡水物种造成环境污染和严重的神经毒性作用。饲料添加剂，例如黄酮类化合物，可以减少或防止农药引起的鱼类毒性。本研究的目的是确定急性暴露于敌百虫是否会损害银fish鱼的行为并引起其氧化损伤（Rhamdia quelen））。我们还试图确定芦丁是否能够预防或减轻这些影响。银cat鱼分为四组：A和C组接受基础饲料，而B和D组接受21天内每公斤饲料含3毫克芦丁的饲料。21天后，将C组和D组暴露于11 mg敌百虫/升水的名义浓度下48小时。暴露于敌百虫的鱼比未暴露的鱼有更长的旅行距离和游泳表现。暴露于敌百虫的鱼的脑中活性氧和脂质过氧化水平显着高于未暴露鱼，而脑超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性则显着降低。在一起 我们的发现表明，除了大脑AChE活性外，膳食补充芦丁可以完全阻止敌百虫引起的所有改变。与未暴露组相比，后者仍显着降低。总之，芦丁可预防敌百虫在银cat鱼中引起的神经毒性。