Glycerolates of biogenic elements, in particular, silicon, zinc, and boron, are promising biocompatible precursors in sol–gel processing. We successfully used them in the synthesis of pharmacologically active glycerohydrogels exhibiting wound healing, regenerating, and, in some cases, immunotropic and antimicrobial effects. In this paper, a comparative in vitro study of the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antimycotic) activity of four glycerohydrogels differing in biogenic elements (silicon-, silicon–boron-, silicon–zinc-, and silicon–zinc–boron-glycerol hydrogels) was carried out. Using the methods of agar diffusion and serial dilutions, it was shown that silicon–zinc–boron-glycerol hydrogel in general exhibited higher antimicrobial activity; silicon–boron- and silicon–zinc-glycerol hydrogels possessed lower activity; silicon-glycerol hydrogel demonstrated no antimicrobial properties. Differences in antimicrobial activity are associated with the structural features of hydrogels studied using advanced physicochemical methods, including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, ¹¹B NMR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope. It was found that a dispersion medium of silicon–zinc–boron-glycerol hydrogel, which was separated by exhaustive extraction with ethanol, contained bis(glycerol)borate anions [B(C₃H₆O₃)₂]^–, along with Zn²⁺ cations. The simultaneous presence of these ions is not characteristic of other hydrogels under study and, in our opinion, provides improved antimicrobial activity of silicon–zinc–boron-glycerol hydrogel. Boron bisglycerolates and boric acid in a dispersion medium of silicon–boron-glycerol hydrogel provides its antimicrobial activity, whereas silicon–zinc-glycerol hydrogel containing only nanoscale particles of zinc monoglycerolate in cells of the 3D polymer network is less active. Silicon–zinc–boron-glycerol hydrogel can be an efficient and safer alternative to conventional topical antimicrobial agents for treatment of diseases of skin and mucous membrane.

生物成分的甘油酸酯，特别是硅，锌和硼，在溶胶-凝胶加工中是有前途的生物相容性前体。我们成功地将它们用于合成具有伤口愈合，再生以及在某些情况下具有免疫和抗菌作用的药理活性甘油水凝胶。在本文中，对四种生物成分不同的甘油水凝胶（硅，硅，硼，硅，锌，硼硅甘油水凝胶）的抗菌（抗菌和抗真菌）活性进行了体外比较研究。执行。使用琼脂扩散和连续稀释的方法，表明硅锌锌硼甘油水凝胶总体上显示出更高的抗菌活性。硅硼硼和硅锌甘油水凝胶的活性较低；硅甘油水凝胶未显示出抗菌性能。抗菌活性的差异与使用先进的物理化学方法（包括电喷雾电离质谱法）研究的水凝胶的结构特征有关，¹¹ B NMR光谱和透射电子显微镜。结果发现，用乙醇彻底萃取分离的硅锌硼硼甘油水凝胶分散介质中含有双（甘油）硼酸根阴离子[B（C ₃ H ₆ O ₃）₂ ] ^–和锌。²⁺阳离子。这些离子的同时存在不是正在研究的其他水凝胶的特征，我们认为，这些离子可改善硅锌硼硼甘油水凝胶的抗菌活性。硅-硼-甘油水凝胶的分散介质中的甘油二酸酯和硼酸具有抗微生物活性，而在3D聚合物网络的细胞中仅包含纳米级单甘油酸锌颗粒的硅-锌-甘油水凝胶活性较低。硅-锌-硼-甘油水凝胶可以替代传统的局部抗菌剂，用于治疗皮肤和粘膜疾病，是一种有效且安全的替代方法。