Nonylphenol is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical that has received considerable attention from government officials, scientists and the public due to its estrogenicity and ubiquitous occurrence in water environments. Here we review the current knowledge on nonylphenol occurrence, distribution, toxic effects and water quality criteria related to the protection of freshwater organisms. Nonylphenol enters the water ecosystem mainly via wastewater treatment plant effluents, agricultural runoff, groundwater discharge from air, soil, water and agricultural sources. Toxic effects of nonylphenol on aquatic organisms include acute toxic effects, growth and development effects, estrogenic effect and reproductive effects, neurotoxicity, liver toxicity and immunotoxicity.

壬基酚是一种典型的破坏内分泌的化学物质，由于其雌激素性和在水环境中的普遍存在而受到政府官员，科学家和公众的广泛关注。在这里，我们回顾了有关壬基酚的发生，分布，毒性影响和与淡水生物保护有关的水质标准的当前知识。壬基酚主要通过废水处理厂的废水，农业径流，空气，土壤，水和农业来源的地下水排放而进入水生态系统。壬基酚对水生生物的毒性作用包括急性毒性作用，生长和发育作用，雌激素作用和生殖作用，神经毒性，肝毒性和免疫毒性。