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Exploring the potential and limitations of weak‐constraint 4D‐Var
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 , DOI: 10.1002/qj.3891
P. Laloyaux 1 , M. Bonavita 1 , M. Chrust 1 , S. Gurol 2
Affiliation  

The standard formulation of 4D‐Var assumes random zero‐mean errors for all sources of information used in the analysis. This assumption is usually not well verified in real‐world applications. The performance of a weak‐constraint 4D‐Var formulation ("forcing" formulation) is studied in this paper in a simplified experimental setting using additive model errors of different length‐scales and observing systems of different coverage and accuracy. A set of twin experiments is carried out and results show that weak‐constraint 4D‐Var can accurately estimate the actual model errors and the initial state only when background and model errors have different spatial scales and when the observations are unbiased and spatially homogeneous. We also present preliminary results from a different weak‐constraint 4D‐Var formulation ("state" formulation) which could in principle overcome some of these limitations, but at the cost of a substantial increase of computational and memory requirements. These findings help identify the potential but also the intrinsic limitations of the weak‐constraint 4D‐Var approach. They also help to clarify the experimental results seen in the operational ECMWF analysis system where the analysis and first‐guess temperature bias is reduced by up to 50% in the stratosphere.

中文翻译:

探索弱约束4D Var的潜力和局限性

对于分析中使用的所有信息源,4D-Var的标准公式均假设随机零均值误差。通常在实际应用中无法很好地验证此假设。本文在简化的实验环境中,使用不同长度尺度的加性模型误差以及观测范围和准确性各不相同的观测系统,研究了弱约束4D-Var公式(“强制”公式)的性能。进行了一组孪生实验,结果表明,仅当背景误差和模型误差具有不同的空间比例并且观测值无偏差且空间均一时,弱约束4D-Var才能准确估计实际模型误差和初始状态。我们还提供了来自其他弱约束4D-Var公式(“状态” 原则上可以克服其中的一些局限性,但要以大量增加计算和内存需求为代价。这些发现有助于确定弱约束4D-Var方法的潜力以及固有局限性。它们还有助于弄清在运行的ECMWF分析系统中看到的实验结果,在该系统中,分析和首次猜测的温度偏差最多可降低50。平流层中的
更新日期:2020-08-15
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