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Effects of elevated corticosterone on humoral innate and antibody-mediated immunity in southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) tadpoles.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2406 Samuel T Billig 1 , Rachael N Weber 1 , Laura M Zimmerman 1 , Travis E Wilcoxen 1
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2406 Samuel T Billig 1 , Rachael N Weber 1 , Laura M Zimmerman 1 , Travis E Wilcoxen 1
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As a free‐living larval stage of a vertebrate, tadpoles are good subjects for the study of the development of physiological systems and the study of evolutionarily conserved, context‐dependent responses to variable environments. While the basic components of innate and adaptive immune defenses in tadpoles are known, the impact of glucocorticoids on immune defenses in tadpoles is not well‐studied. We completed four experiments to assess effects of elevation of corticosterone on humoral innate defenses and antibody‐mediated immunity in southern leopard frog tadpoles (Lithobates sphenocephalus). To test humoral innate defense within the tadpoles exposed to short‐term and long‐term elevation of glucocorticoids, we exposed tadpoles to exogenous corticosterone for different lengths of time in each experiment (0–84 days). We used bacterial killing assays to assess humoral innate immune defense. To test antibody‐mediated immune responses, we again exposed tadpoles to exogenous corticosterone, while also exposing them to Aeromonas hydrophila. We used A. hydrophila ELISA comparing IgM and IgY responses among groups. Plasma from corticosterone‐dosed tadpoles killed more A. hydrophila than control tadpoles each following a short‐term (14 day) and long‐term (56 day) exposure to exogenous corticosterone. Conversely, corticosterone‐dosed tadpoles had significantly lower IgM and IgY against A. hydrophila after 12 weeks. Our fourth experiment revealed that the lower IgY response is a product of weaker, delayed isotype switching compared with controls. These results show that elevated corticosterone has differential effects on innate and acquired immunity in larval southern leopard frogs, consistent with patterns in more derived vertebrates and in adult frogs.
中文翻译：
皮质酮升高对南部豹蛙（Lithobates sphenocephalus）humor体液先天和抗体介导的免疫的影响。
vertebrate是脊椎动物的自生幼体阶段，是研究生理系统发展以及研究对可变环境的进化保守的，依环境而定的反应的良好学科。虽然known的先天性和适应性免疫防御的基本组成是已知的，但糖皮质激素对t的免疫防御的影响尚未得到充分研究。我们完成了四个实验，以评估皮质酮的升高对南部豹蛙t（Lithobates sphenocephalus）的体液先天防御和抗体介导的免疫的影响）。为了测试暴露于短期和长期糖皮质激素升高的t中的体液先天防御，我们在每个实验中将different暴露于外源性皮质酮的时间长短不同（0-84天）。我们使用细菌杀伤试验来评估体液先天免疫防御。为了测试抗体介导的免疫反应，我们再次将t暴露于外源性皮质酮，同时还将它们暴露于嗜水气单胞菌。我们使用嗜水链球菌ELISA比较各组之间的IgM和IgY反应。从皮质酮剂量的蝌蚪等离子杀死了嗜水气单分别在短期（14天）和长期（56天）暴露于外源皮质酮后，与对照组相比。相反，皮质酮剂量的蝌蚪已显著降低的IgM和IgY对嗜水12周后。我们的第四个实验表明，与对照组相比，较低的IgY反应是较弱的延迟同种型转换的产物。这些结果表明，升高的皮质酮对幼体南方豹蛙的先天免疫和后天免疫具有不同的作用，这与更多衍生的脊椎动物和成年蛙的模式一致。
更新日期：2020-08-15
中文翻译：
皮质酮升高对南部豹蛙（Lithobates sphenocephalus）humor体液先天和抗体介导的免疫的影响。
vertebrate是脊椎动物的自生幼体阶段，是研究生理系统发展以及研究对可变环境的进化保守的，依环境而定的反应的良好学科。虽然known的先天性和适应性免疫防御的基本组成是已知的，但糖皮质激素对t的免疫防御的影响尚未得到充分研究。我们完成了四个实验，以评估皮质酮的升高对南部豹蛙t（Lithobates sphenocephalus）的体液先天防御和抗体介导的免疫的影响）。为了测试暴露于短期和长期糖皮质激素升高的t中的体液先天防御，我们在每个实验中将different暴露于外源性皮质酮的时间长短不同（0-84天）。我们使用细菌杀伤试验来评估体液先天免疫防御。为了测试抗体介导的免疫反应，我们再次将t暴露于外源性皮质酮，同时还将它们暴露于嗜水气单胞菌。我们使用嗜水链球菌ELISA比较各组之间的IgM和IgY反应。从皮质酮剂量的蝌蚪等离子杀死了嗜水气单分别在短期（14天）和长期（56天）暴露于外源皮质酮后，与对照组相比。相反，皮质酮剂量的蝌蚪已显著降低的IgM和IgY对嗜水12周后。我们的第四个实验表明，与对照组相比，较低的IgY反应是较弱的延迟同种型转换的产物。这些结果表明，升高的皮质酮对幼体南方豹蛙的先天免疫和后天免疫具有不同的作用，这与更多衍生的脊椎动物和成年蛙的模式一致。
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