Secular change in cranial and postcranial morphometrics and morphological traits has been documented in several studies. However, to date, few studies have addressed temporal changes occurring in the expression of cranial morphological traits commonly used in ancestry estimation. This study examines secular change in the expression of 23 cranial and mandibular morphological traits; accounting for age‐at‐death, sex, and year‐of‐birth.

中文翻译：

---

出生于1824年至1987年的欧洲裔美国人的颅骨和下颌形态特征频率的长期变化

颅脑和颅后形态计量学和形态学特征的长期变化已在数项研究中记录。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究解决在祖先估计中常用的颅骨形态特征表达中发生的时间变化。这项研究探讨了23种颅骨和下颌形态特征表达的长期变化。说明死亡年龄，性别和出生年份。