Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy represents an important and diverse, but poorly appreciated, manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy that impacts negatively on quality of life. There is no test to assess gastrointestinal autonomic nerve damage directly in humans; cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests are often used as a surrogate, but are suboptimal. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in diabetes, but usually correlate only weakly with disordered motility. Diabetic gastroparesis, or abnormally delayed gastric emptying, occurs frequently and is the best characterized manifestation of gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy. There is a bi-directional relationship between postprandial glycaemia and the rate of gastric emptying. However, autonomic neuropathy can affect the function of any gut segment from the esophagus to the anus. Current management options for gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy are, for the main part, empirical and sub-optimal.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病胃肠道自主神经病变

胃肠自主神经病变是糖尿病自主神经病变的一种重要而多样的表现，但人们对其认识不足，对生活质量产生负面影响。没有直接评估人体胃肠自主神经损伤的测试；心血管自主反射测试经常被用作替代品，但效果不佳。胃肠道症状在糖尿病中很常见，但通常与运动障碍仅微弱相关。糖尿病性胃轻瘫，或胃排空异常延迟，经常发生，是胃肠道自主神经病变最典型的表现。餐后血糖与胃排空率之间存在双向关系。然而，自主神经病变会影响从食道到肛门的任何肠道段的功能。