Continuous rice–wheat cropping system with intensive conventional tillage operations have been showing natural resource degradation. Hence, the sustainability of this major cropping system in eastern India is under a threat. Adoption of resource conservation such as conservation tillage practice with residue retention on the soil and diversification of the rice–wheat cropping system with the inclusion of pulses, oilseeds may lead towards achieving overall sustainability of the system. Attempts were made to evaluate the different tillage practices viz. zero tillage (ZT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) under rice based various cropping systems viz. rice–wheat–greengram, rice–Lathyrus–greengram, rice–lentil–greengram and rice–rapeseed–greengram in terms of system productivity, nutrient uptake by the system, recovery efficiency (RE) of added nutrients, soil microbial population and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission in alluvial soil of eastern India. Results revealed significant increase in system productivity, nutrient uptake and RE of N, P and K in RT. The maximum microbial population was found in ZT. Cereal dominated cropping system (rice–wheat–greengram) showed higher productivity and nutrient uptake, however, the recovery efficiency of nutrient and microbial population was recorded higher in legume dominated cropping systems (rice–lentil–greengram or rice–Lathyrus–greengram). The maximum N₂O emission was recorded in ZT, which was almost 3–6% higher than that of RT and CT, respectively. Overall, reduced tillage was found to be the most suitable tillage option under rice based diversified cropping systems.

连续进行常规耕作的稻麦连续种植系统显示出自然资源的退化。因此，印度东部这一主要种植系统的可持续性受到威胁。采用资源保护措施，例如在土壤上保留残留物的耕作耕作方法以及包括豆类在内的稻麦作物系统的多样化，油料种子可能会导致该系统的总体可持续性。尝试评估不同的耕作方式，即。在以水稻为基础的各种耕作制度下的零耕（ZT），减耕（RT）和常规耕作（CT）。大米–小麦–格林格拉姆，大米–山thy豆系统生产力，系统对养分的吸收，添加养分的回收效率（RE），土壤微生物种群和冲积土壤中的一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）排放量方面，–greengram，水稻-扁豆-greengram和水稻-油菜-greengram印度东部。结果显示，RT中系统生产力，养分吸收和N，P和K的RE显着增加。在ZT中发现了最大的微生物种群。谷物为主的种植系统（大米–小麦–绿豆）显示出更高的生产力和养分吸收，但是，在以豆类为主的种植系统（大米–小扁豆–绿豆或水稻–山thy豆–绿豆）中，养分和微生物种群的恢复效率更高。最大N ₂ZT中记录了O排放，分别比RT和CT高出近3–6％。总体而言，在以水稻为基础的多种种植系统下，减少耕作是最合适的耕作选择。