Background

There is inconclusive and controversial evidence of the association between allergic diseases and the risk of adverse clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective

We sought to determine the association of allergic disorders with the likelihood of a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test result and with clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (admission to intensive care unit, administration of invasive ventilation, and death).

Methods

A propensity-score–matched nationwide cohort study was performed in South Korea. Data obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea from all adult patients (age, >20 years) who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea between January 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020, were analyzed. The association of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and allergic diseases in the entire cohort (n = 219,959) and the difference in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 were evaluated in patients with allergic diseases and SARS-CoV-2 positivity (n = 7,340).

Results

In the entire cohort, patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing were evaluated to ascertain whether asthma and allergic rhinitis were associated with an increased likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. After propensity score matching, we found that asthma and allergic rhinitis were associated with worse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. Patients with nonallergic asthma had a greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and worse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 than patients with allergic asthma.

Conclusions

In a Korean nationwide cohort, allergic rhinitis and asthma, especially nonallergic asthma, confers a greater risk of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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过敏性疾病和对 COVID-19 的易感性和严重性：一项全国队列研究。

背景

关于过敏性疾病与 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 不良临床结果风险之间的关联，尚无定论和有争议的证据。

客观的

我们试图确定过敏性疾病与严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 检测结果呈阳性的可能性以及 COVID-19 的临床结果（入住重症监护病房、有创通气、和死亡）。

方法

在韩国进行了一项倾向得分匹配的全国队列研究。对 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 5 月 15 日期间在韩国接受 SARS-CoV-2 检测的所有成年患者（年龄 >20 岁）从韩国健康保险审查与评估服务中心获得的数据进行了分析。在过敏性疾病和 SARS-CoV-2 阳性患者（n = 7,340）中评估了整个队列（n = 219,959）中 SARS-CoV-2 检测阳性与过敏性疾病的关联以及 COVID-19 临床结果的差异).

结果

在整个队列中，对接受 SARS-CoV-2 检测的患者进行了评估，以确定哮喘和过敏性鼻炎是否与 SARS-CoV-2 检测呈阳性的可能性增加有关。倾向评分匹配后，我们发现哮喘和过敏性鼻炎与 SARS-CoV-2 检测阳性患者的 COVID-19 临床结局较差有关。与过敏性哮喘患者相比，非过敏性哮喘患者 SARS-CoV-2 检测呈阳性的风险更大，COVID-19 的临床结果更差。

结论

在韩国全国队列中，过敏性鼻炎和哮喘，尤其是非过敏性哮喘，会增加 SARS-CoV-2 感染的易感性以及 COVID-19 的严重临床后果。