Raw milk is a continued threat to public health due to possible contamination with zoonotic pathogens. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, causing diarrheal disease. Although there has been some evidence, the role and potential risk of raw milk of dairy animals in the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the occurrence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in raw milk of dairy animals in several farms of the Central Anatolia Region. We also investigated if there is a relation between the presence of E. bieneusi and mastitis. Genomic DNAs from a total of 450 raw milk including 200, 200 and 50 samples from cattle, sheep and water buffalo respectively were analyzed using nested PCR, targeting the internal transcribed spacer of E. bieneusi. Totally milk samples of 9 (4.5%) dairy cattle, 36 (18.0%) sheep, and 1 (2.0%) water buffalo were PCR-positive. A significant relationship was determined between mastitis and the presence of E. bieneusi. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of eight genotypes: two known (ERUSS1, BEB6) and six novel genotypes (named as TREb1 to TREb6). The genotype ERUSS1 and BEB6 were the most common genotypes, found in all cattle and sheep farms. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the identified genotypes in Group 2. This study provides novel findings that contribute to the transmission dynamics and molecular epidemiology of E. bieneusi. Our study also highlighted the potential risk of raw milk for public health with respect to microsporidia infections.

由于可能受到人畜共患病病原体的污染，生乳继续对公共健康构成威胁。别氏小肠肠杆菌是多种脊椎动物宿主中最普遍的致病真菌之一，可引起腹泻病。尽管有一些证据，但尚不清楚乳动物原料乳在比氏大肠杆菌的传播动力学中的作用和潜在风险。因此，我们旨在确定安纳托利亚中部地区几个农场的奶牛原料乳中比氏肠球菌的发生和基因型。我们还调查了比埃希氏大肠杆菌的存在与否和乳腺炎。使用巢式PCR，针对内部转录的比氏大肠杆菌的间隔，分析了总共450种原料奶的基因组DNA，包括分别来自牛，羊和水牛的200、200和50个样品。PCR阳性的9头（4.5％）奶牛，36头（18.0％）绵羊和1头（2.0％）的水牛的牛奶样品均为阳性。确定了乳腺炎和比氏肠杆菌的存在之间的显着关系。序列分析显示存在八种基因型：两种已知的基因型（ERUSS1，BEB6）和六种新颖的基因型（命名为TREb1至TREb6）。基因型ERUSS1和BEB6是最常见的基因型，存在于所有牛羊农场。系统发育分析将第2组中所有已鉴定的基因型聚类在一起。这项研究提供了新的发现，这些发现有助于比埃希氏菌的传播动力学和分子流行病学。我们的研究还强调了生乳对小儿孢子虫感染的公共卫生潜在风险。