MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-strand endogenous and non-coding RNA molecules with a length of about 22 nucleotides, which regulate genes expression, through modulating the translation and stability of their target mRNAs. miR-146a is one of the most studied miRNAs, due to its central role in immune system homeostasis and control of the innate and acquired immune responses. Accordingly, abnormal expression or function of miR-146a results in the incidence and progression of immune and non-immune inflammatory diseases. Its deregulated expression pattern and inefficient function have been reported in a wide spectrum of these illnesses. Based on the existing evidence, this miRNA qualifies as an ideal biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and activity evaluation of immune and non-immune inflammatory disorders. Moreover, much attention has recently been paid to therapeutic potential of miR-146a and several researchers have assessed the effects of different drugs on expression and function of this miRNA at diverse experimental, animal, besides human levels, reporting motivating results in the treatment of the diseases. Here, in this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of miR-146a role in the pathogenesis and progression of several immune and non-immune inflammatory diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Inflammatory bowel disease, Multiple sclerosis, Psoriasis, Graves' disease, Atherosclerosis, Hepatitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc., discuss about its eligibility for being a desirable biomarker for these disorders, and also highlight its therapeutic potential. Understanding these mechanisms underlies the selecting and designing the proper therapeutic targets and medications, which eventually facilitate the treatment process.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是单链内源性非编码 RNA 分子，长度约为 22 个核苷酸，通过调节其靶标 mRNA 的翻译和稳定性来调节基因表达。miR-146a 是研究最多的 miRNA 之一，因为它在免疫系统稳态和控制先天性和获得性免疫反应中起着核心作用。因此，miR-146a 的异常表达或功能导致免疫和非免疫炎症疾病的发生和进展。其失调的表达模式和低效的功能已在广泛的这些疾病中得到报道。根据现有证据，该 miRNA 可作为免疫和非免疫炎症性疾病的诊断、预后和活性评估的理想生物标志物。而且，最近对 miR-146a 的治疗潜力给予了很多关注，一些研究人员评估了不同药物在不同实验、动物以及人类水平上对这种 miRNA 的表达和功能的影响，报告了治疗疾病的激励结果。在这里，在这篇综合综述中，我们概述了 miR-146a 在多种免疫和非免疫炎症疾病的发病机制和进展中的作用，例如类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、炎症性肠病、多发性硬化症、牛皮癣、格雷夫斯疾病、动脉粥样硬化、肝炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等，讨论其是否有资格成为这些疾病的理想生物标志物，并强调其治疗潜力。