Abstract Soil microbial community compositions and soil labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions change rapidly in response to fertilizers and crop rotation, but our understanding of the associations between specific microbial taxa and C fractions is still limited. The objective of this study was to compare the composition and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to fertilization and crop rotation and their correlations with LOC fractions. Communities were analyzed by PCR-amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS sequences from soil DNA. Functions were predicted by in-silico tools. A long-term experimental rice-wheat cropping system was studied, and the soil collected from plots treated with different fertilizers, including a control without fertilizer (CK), inorganic nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK), manure (M), and NPKM, was analyzed. Fertilizations, non-crop types, significantly modified the soil bacterial community composition and suspected functions, while both fertilization and crop types significantly affected the fungal community composition. Compared with CK, NPKM treatment significantly increased the relative bacterial abundances of Candidatus Solibacter, Nitrosporia, Geobacter and Bryobacter, but decreased the relative fungal abundances of Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa, Emericellopsis, Cladosporium tennuissimum, Curvularia lunata, Stachybotrys chlorolonate and Moleospora. All responding OTUs correlated significantly with soil LOC fractions, especially particulate organic C. The suspected functions suggest that organic amendment provided larger quantities of organic C, then promoting the growth of microorganism involved in C degradation, which in turn contributing to C sequestration. Our results indicate that fertilizers and crop rotation alter the diversity and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities, thereby causing an impact on agroecosystems.

中文翻译：

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真菌和细菌群落的组成、预测功能和共生网络_水稻-小麦种植系统长期施肥下土壤有机碳的联系

摘要 土壤微生物群落组成和土壤不稳定有机碳 (LOC) 组分随着肥料和轮作而迅速变化，但我们对特定微生物类群与 C 组分之间关联的理解仍然有限。本研究的目的是比较土壤细菌和真菌群落的组成和功能，以响应施肥和轮作，以及它们与 LOC 分数的相关性。通过 PCR 扩增细菌 16S rRNA 基因和来自土壤 DNA 的真菌 ITS 序列分析群落。功能是通过计算机工具预测的。研究了一个长期试验的稻麦种植制度，从用不同肥料处理的地块收集的土壤，包括不施肥（CK）、无机氮、磷和钾（NPK）的对照，对粪便 (M) 和 NPKM 进行了分析。施肥，非作物类型，显着改变了土壤细菌群落组成和可疑功能，而施肥和作物类型都显着影响了真菌群落组成。与 CK 相比，NPKM 处理显着增加了 Candidatus Solibacter、Nitrosporia、Geobacter 和 Bryobacter 的相对细菌丰度，但降低了 Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa、Emericellopsis、Cladosporium tennuissimum、Curvularia lunata、Stachybotrys chlorolonate 和 Mozilla 的相对真菌丰度。所有响应的 OTU 与土壤 LOC 分数显着相关，尤其是颗粒有机 C。 可疑的功能表明有机改良剂提供了大量的有机 C，然后促进参与 C 降解的微生物的生长，这反过来又有助于 C 封存。我们的研究结果表明，肥料和作物轮作改变了土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性和功能，从而对农业生态系统产生影响。