CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ T Regulatory (Treg) cells play a critical role in the homeostasis and maintenance of the immune system. The understanding of different aspects of Treg cells biology remains an intensively investigated subject as altering their generation, stability, or function by drugs or biologics may have therapeutic value in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as cancers. This review will focus on recent studies on the role of cytokines, T Cell Receptor (TCR) and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory molecules signaling, location and metabolism on the homeostasis and stability of Treg cells. The potential for therapeutic manipulation of each of these factors will be discussed.

CD4 ⁺ Foxp3 ⁺ T 调节 (Treg) 细胞在免疫系统的稳态和维持中起着关键作用。对 Treg 细胞生物学不同方面的理解仍然是一个深入研究的主题，因为通过药物或生物制剂改变它们的产生、稳定性或功能可能在治疗自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病以及癌症方面具有治疗价值。本综述将重点关注最近关于细胞因子、T 细胞受体 (TCR) 和共刺激/共抑制分子信号传导、定位和代谢对 Treg 细胞稳态和稳定性的作用的研究。将讨论对这些因素中的每一个进行治疗操作的潜力。