Global increases in urbanization requires us to better understand how species are adapting to novel ecosystems in urbanized environments. We conducted a multi-year study to compare how five bird species with different life history strategies responded to local- and landscape-scale factors within forests in an urbanizing landscape. We modeled the responses of species to factors that have been shown to influence habitat selection for forest breeding birds including soil, vegetation, food quality and availability, and land cover. We found that, within an urbanized landscape, local-scale variables related to Ca prey availability and vegetation cover explained variation in territory density for the five bird species. Specifically, territory density for Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) and Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) were positively related to non-native shrub cover and Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis), Eastern Towhee, and Wood Thrush territory density were positively related to calcium rich prey availability. These results suggest that species-specific responses to vegetation structure and nutrient composition are important factors for habitat selection of birds within urban forests.

全球城市化的增长要求我们更好地了解物种如何在城市化环境中适应新的生态系统。我们进行了一项为期多年的研究，以比较五种具有不同生活史策略的鸟类对城市化景观中森林中局部和景观尺度因素的反应。我们对物种对已显示出影响森林繁殖鸟类栖息地选择的因素的响应进行了建模，包括土壤，植被，食物质量和可用性以及土地覆盖。我们发现，在城市化景观中，与Ca猎物的可利用性和植被覆盖有关的局部尺度变量可以解释这五种鸟类的领土密度变化。具体来说，是东部Towhee（Throythorus ludovicianus）的地域密度Pipilo erythrophthalmus（Pipilo erythrophthalmus）和Grey Catbird（Dumetella carolinensis）与非本地灌木盖度呈正相关，Carolina Chickadee（Poecile carolinensis），Eastern Towhee和Wood Thrush区域密度与富含钙的猎物的可用性呈正相关。这些结果表明，物种对植被结构和营养成分的反应是城市森林中鸟类栖息地选择的重要因素。