Purpose

Successive mineral fertilization might have side effects on soil environmental quality, such as aggregate structure, contamination, and enzyme activity. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the influences of mineral fertilization on biotic and abiotic properties of forest soils, we investigated the effects of successive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on physical structures, contaminant contents, and microbial communities of forest soils with different sampling depths.

Materials and methods

Mineral nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were applied, alone or together, at different rates to provide nutrients to economic tree species (Chinese fir) in a forest plantation since 2011. Surface soil samples were taken at different sampling depths, and soil aggregate, contaminant content, and microbial properties were determined and comprehensively linked.

Results and discussion

Our results showed that successive fertilization, sampling depths, and their interactions had negligible impacts on soil aggregate ratios and cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contents. Contrastingly, soil β-glucosidase, phosphate, and fungal and actinomycetal biomass were significantly affected by the mineral fertilization, and sampling depth was a key factor determining the responses of microbial communities to the mineral fertilization.

Conclusions

In the surface (0–20 cm) soils, abiotic properties had resistance to different fertilization and sampling depths, but biotic properties were markedly or significantly affected by the mineral fertilization or sampling depths. Simultaneously, sampling depths should be considered to reveal the impacts of managements on microbial properties in the surface forest soils.

中文翻译：

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尽管表层森林土壤中的微生物特性发生了显着变化，但矿物肥料和土壤深度对集料结构的影响很小

目的

连续的矿物施肥可能会对土壤环境质量产生副作用，例如集料结构，污染和酶活性。为了更全面地了解矿物肥料对森林土壤生物和非生物特性的影响，我们调查了连续施氮和磷对不同采样深度的森林土壤物理结构，污染物含量和微生物群落的影响。

材料和方法

自2011年以来，以单独或一起施用的方式分别施用了矿质氮（N）和磷（P），为森林人工林中的经济树种（杉木）提供养分。在不同采样深度和土壤下采集地表土壤样品确定并综合了骨料，污染物含量和微生物特性。

结果和讨论

我们的研究结果表明，连续施肥，采样深度及其相互作用对土壤团聚体比率以及镉（Cd）和砷（As）含量的影响可忽略不计。相比之下，土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶，磷酸盐以及真菌和放线菌的生物量受矿物施肥的影响很大，而采样深度是决定微生物群落对矿物施肥响应的关键因素。

结论

在表层土壤（0-20厘米）中，非生物特性对不同的施肥和采样深度具有抵抗力，但生物特性受矿物施肥或采样深度的影响显着或显着。同时，应考虑取样深度以揭示管理措施对表层森林土壤微生物特性的影响。