In this paper, a multi-party quantum private comparison (MQPC) protocol is proposed based on the qudit shifting operation. The semi-honest third party (TP) prepares the initial particles and sends them to the first user. Then, each of n users encodes his private integers on the travelling particles with the qudit shifting operations and transmits them to the next user. Finally, the travelling particles are transmitted back to TP. The equality of the private integers from n users can be determined within one time execution of the protocol. It is verified that the proposed protocol is secure against both the outside attack and the participant attack. One user cannot obtain other users’ private integers except for the case that their private integers are same. TP cannot know the private integers from n users except their comparison result.

中文翻译：

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多方量子私有与 Qudit 移位操作的比较

在本文中，提出了一种基于量子比特移位操作的多方量子私有比较（MQPC）协议。半诚实第三方（TP）准备初始粒子并将它们发送给第一个用户。然后，n 个用户中的每个用户使用 qudit 移位操作在移动粒子上编码他的私人整数，并将它们传输给下一个用户。最后，移动的粒子被传送回 TP。可以在一次执行协议内确定来自 n 个用户的私有整数的相等性。验证了所提出的协议对于外部攻击和参与者攻击都是安全的。一个用户不能获取其他用户的私有整数，除非他们的私有整数相同。除了比较结果之外，TP 无法知道来自 n 个用户的私有整数。